趣味學(xué)英語(yǔ)系列之十四
在初中英語(yǔ)中直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)對(duì)于學(xué)生們來(lái)說也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樾枰兓膬?nèi)容很多，這兒有一個(gè)關(guān)于直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的口訣，幫助大家來(lái)記憶。
直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)口訣：
直引若是一般問，變間ifwhether連。語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鍪?，時(shí)態(tài)人稱相應(yīng)變。
直引若是特殊問，疑問詞連接記心間。其余問題挺簡(jiǎn)單，一切只當(dāng)一般問。
直引若是祈使句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞挺要緊。 toldaskedordered,根據(jù)口氣來(lái)選定。
告訴人、請(qǐng)人、命令人，后跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句,
not to do后邊行。
直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的人稱變化:
一主二賓三不變.
直接引語(yǔ)的第一人稱取決于主句的主語(yǔ),第二人稱取決于主句的賓語(yǔ),第三人稱一般不變。
附直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的詳細(xì)介紹：
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直接引語(yǔ)就是直接引用別人的話，并把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)；間接引語(yǔ)就是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，不加引號(hào)。直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)通常以賓語(yǔ)從句的形式出現(xiàn)。直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)還要注意人稱的變化、時(shí)態(tài)的變化、指示代詞的變化、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化及地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化。
1. 直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的方法
如果直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由連詞that引導(dǎo)（在口語(yǔ)中that常省略）。主句中如果有say to somebody （對(duì)某人說），通常變?yōu)閠ell somebody （告訴某人）。
◆ He said, “I get on well with people here.”
→He said that he got on well with people there.
◆ Susan said, “We can finish the work tomorrow.”
→Susan said that they could finish the work the next day.
◆ John said to me, “I told her all about it three days ago.”
→John told me that he had told her all about it three days before.
【提醒注意】如果直接引語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)并列的陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句前的that有時(shí)可省略，但第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句前的that不可省略。
◆He said, “I like swimming and I want to go swimming with you.”
→He said (that) he liked swimming and that he wanted to go swimming with us.
2. 直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的方法
直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用連詞whether 或if 引導(dǎo)，同時(shí)把原來(lái)的疑問句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序。主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是said時(shí)，要改為asked，沒有間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，還可根據(jù)具體情況加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)，
如me, us, him等。
◆The teacher said, “Will you be back today?”
→The teacher asked (him) if (whether) he would be back that day.
◆He asked, “Has the bell rung?”
→He asked if / whether the bell had rung.
◆ “Shall (Should) I tell her your telephone number?” he asked me. （表示詢問、征求意見）
→He wanted to know if （whether） he should tell her my telephone number.
【提醒注意】 “Would you like to...?”和“Would you please...?” 表示的是請(qǐng)求，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用動(dòng)詞不定式形式。
◆ “Would you like to help me with my
lessons?” she asked me.
→She asked me to help her with her lessons.
3. 直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)的方法
直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊疑問句（即what, which, who, whom, whose, how, why, when, where, how many, how long等引導(dǎo)的疑問句），變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用原來(lái)的疑問詞引導(dǎo)，但要把原來(lái)的疑問句語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。
◆ He asked, “Who can carry the box?”
→He asked who could carry the box. (who作主語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)序不變)
◆ He asked, “Who is the man near the window?”
→He asked who the man near the window was.（who作表語(yǔ)，要改為陳述句語(yǔ)序）
◆ “Which one do you like best here?” he asked her.
→He asked her which one she liked best there.
◆“How shall (should) I read the book?” she asked. （表示征詢意見）
→She wanted to know how she should read the book.
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4、直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句變間接引語(yǔ)的方法。
直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，如果變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，其間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)為
“tell(ask/order/beg 等) sb(not) to do sth”?例如:
1) “Be careful with your writing,” the teacher said to me.
The teacher told me to be careful with my writing.
2) “Don’t take off your coats,” she said to the children.
She told the children not to take off their coats.
5、時(shí)態(tài)變化
要根據(jù)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)調(diào)整賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)?如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可以不變;如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí),則從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)?例如:
1) He said, “ I get up early every morning.”
He said that he got up early every morning. (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過去時(shí))
2) She said, “I am working on a homework project.”
She said she was working on a homework project. (現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過去進(jìn)行時(shí))
3) She said, “ I met my friend in the street.”
She said that she had met her friend in the street. (一般過去時(shí)→過去完成時(shí))
注意在下面幾種情況下,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可以保持不變:
1) 直接引語(yǔ)敘述的是科學(xué)真理?客觀事實(shí)?格言等?例如:
“The moon moves round the earth,” the teacher said to the students.
The teacher told the students that the moon moves round the earth.
2) 直接引語(yǔ)中有明確的不受語(yǔ)境限制的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?例如:
“John went to Paris by air in 1985,” Jack said.
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