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初中英語常用詞組辨析30組(三)...

 maggie2000 2010-10-24
初中英語常用詞組辨析30組(三)
來源:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)   時間:2010-07-27

  21、have been,have gone

  have / has been (to) 表示“曾經(jīng)去過”某地

  have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已經(jīng)去了”某地

  試比較:

 ?、?He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過北京。(人已回來,可能在這兒)、

 ?、?He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京。(人已走,不在這兒)

 

  22、other another others the other

  1) other(兩個中的)另一個,另一些,其他的。在句中作主語、賓語、定語。相當(dāng)于名詞時,有復(fù)數(shù)形式others.還有所有格形式other''s和 others''.other之前常用定冠詞the.

  I have two cats;one is black and the other is white.

  我有兩只貓,一黑,一白。

  This seat is free, the other seat is taken.

  These books are hers, and the other ones are mine.

  She always thinks of other people and never thinks of herself.

  I have two pencils; one is red; and the other is blue.

  There are only two books left. But I don’t like this one. Will you please show me the other?

  Some are listening to the radio, others are watching TV.

  There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls. The other students are boys.

  Some of the pencils are red. The others are green.

  (2)another

  意思是與某一個不同的另一個,又一個。是由不定冠詞an和other合并構(gòu)成,因此,它只能代替或修飾可數(shù)的單數(shù)名詞,前面不再用冠詞。例如:

  This book is too difficult for me. Will you please give me another one?

  I don’t like this one. Show me another.

  He got three books; One is dictionary, another is a play, the third is a grammar.

  (3) others

  和some對比使用時, 是“有些”的意思而不是做“其他” 講, 如:Some cleaned the windows, others mopped the floor. 有的擦窗戶, 有的擦地板。

  Some of us like singing and dancing,others go in for sports.

  我們中有些喜歡唱歌跳舞,而另一些人則喜愛運動。

  (4) the others

  是“其余的”意思, 表示在一個范圍內(nèi)的其他全部, 如: This dictionary is better than the others. 這本字典比別[其余]的好。

  He came in time, but the others were late.

  他按時來了,可是其他的人遲到了。

 

  23、So do I .與So I do

  對別人的話作出反應(yīng),可以用So do I .也可以用So I do . so作為一個替代詞可代表上文的一個分句或分句的一部分,以表示同意對方的說法,這樣用時so一般位于句首,但兩個句子的意思卻完全不同。So do I .表示"我也是這樣",用以表示同意;而句型"so+代詞+助動詞"表示"…… 確實如此"(帶有驚異的意味)。試比較:

  "I like fish .""So do I ." " 我喜歡吃魚。""我也喜歡吃魚。"

  "You like fish .""So I do ." "你喜歡吃魚。""正是如此。"

  "It''s her turn .""So it is ." " 該輪到她了。""確是這樣。"

  "He is very strict with himself .""So he is ." "他對自己非常嚴(yán)格。""是如此。"

  "You have to start early .""So I do ." "你得早點出發(fā)。""確是這樣。"

  "She''s made a mistake about me .""So she has ." "她誤會我了。""她的確誤會你了。"

  "Li Ping speaks English very well .""So he does ." "李平英語講得很好。""他確實講得不錯。"

  so的這種用法只用于肯定句中。否定句中用neither或nor,結(jié)構(gòu)相似,意為"也不"。

  例如: "I won''t have any more .""Nor will I ." (或"Neither will I .")

  " 我不再要了""我也不要了。"

  neither和nor都可以用在句子和簡略答語的開頭,表示also not(也不是)。兩個詞后面跟倒裝語序(與疑問句相同)。在這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中,neither的意思與nor并無真正的不同,在正式文體中nor用得較少。請看例句:

  "I can''t swim .""Neither can I ." " 我不會游泳。""我也不會。"

  不能說I also can''t .或I can''t too .

  "Jack didn''t like the play .""Nor did we ." " 杰克不喜歡這出戲。""我們也不喜歡。"

  可以用not… either(用正常語序)替代neither或nor .

  "I can''t swim .""He can''t either ." " 我不會游泳。""他也不會。"

  I don''t like him and I don''t like her either . 我不喜歡他,也不喜歡她。

 

  24、everyone, anybody, somebody, all

  --Are_______ there now?

  --Yes.

  A.everyone B.anybody C.somebody D.all

  1 all 都,指三者以上。

  all的單復(fù)數(shù)由它所修飾或指代的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。

  All goes well.  一切進(jìn)展得很好。

  All are here. 所有人都在者。

  all 通常不與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,如:

  不說 all the book,而說 the whole book。

  但all可與表時間的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,如 all day,all night,all the year; 但習(xí)慣上不說 all hour,all century。

  all還可以與一些特殊的單數(shù)名詞連用,如 all China, all the city, all my life, all the way

  2 everybody,everyone表示"每個人",everything表示"每一件事,東西".

  Everybody(Everyone) should try his best.

  Everything in the box is dangerous.

  3 somebody,someone,anybody,anyone均表示"某人",something,anything都表示"某事物".somebody,someone,something一般用于肯定句;anybody,anyone,anything一般用于否定句和疑問句:

  There''s someone(somebody) in the room.

  There isn''t anyone(anybody) in the room.

  He found something in the big hole.

  He didn''t find anything in the big hole.

  Is there anything in the big hole?

  4 somebody,someone,something有時用在疑問句中,含有肯定的意思.

  Is there someone in the room? (希望房間里有人)

  Would you like something to eat? (希望對方吃點東西)

  5 anybody,anyone,anything用在肯定句中,表示"任何人,任何東西".

  Anyone likes beautifull things.

  這道題目主要根據(jù)are表示主語是復(fù)數(shù),所有人都在那嗎?是的。

 

  25、may maybe 和may be

  may情態(tài)動詞,用于肯定句,表示許可,目的以及可能性,也用于疑問句,表示請求,詢問,懷疑,猶豫等。在疑問句中,常用can , could , might來代替may,其中could與might比may更有(更加)懷疑,猶豫,不確定。

  肯定句中,may表示許可時,更莊重,鄭重一點。

  而may be則是情態(tài)動詞may與系動詞be的組合,這也是may的一個用法,may后邊接動詞的時,要用原形,當(dāng)然這也是情態(tài)動詞的一般性質(zhì)。

  maybe是副詞,“也許,可能”,“大概”,用法很簡單,常用于句子開頭,有時后邊緊接著加一逗號,與后面的句子分開。表示一種可能性?可能發(fā)生某事(可能是這樣),或可能不發(fā)生某事(可能不是某種情況)。

  例句:

  1. You may come in now . (許可)

  2. I give her some money so that she may buy some books . (目的)

  3. May I go now ? (詢問)

  4. He has been ill for 3 days . He may be fine now .

  5. He has been ill for 3 days . Maybe , he is fine now .

  6. Maybe he will come , maybe he won’t .

  7. ?Is it true ?

   Maybe , I am not sure .

 

  26、some time some times sometime sometimes

  some time some times

  sometime sometimes 的區(qū)別。

  (1)some time表示“一段時間”。

  例:She stayed here for some time .

  (2)sometime 指“不確定的時間”

  例:He will come back sometime next week .

  Our house was built sometime around 1905.

  (3)sometimes“有時”“間或”“偶爾”

  例:He sometimes writes to me .

  (4)times 表“次數(shù)”“倍數(shù)”“時代、時期”,很少用some來修飾。

 

  27、 get ready to do sth. 和 be ready to do sth.

  get ready to do sth. 和 be ready to do sth.的意思是"準(zhǔn)備做某事"。前者強調(diào)行為;后者強調(diào)狀態(tài)。兩者后面可接介詞for,for后面接名詞。如:

  We are ready for the English test.

  We are got ready for the dictation.

 

  28 、good與well

  做好講時,good為形容詞修飾名詞,well通常是副詞修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞,只有well當(dāng)(身體好;順利)為形容詞。例如;

  1. He was a good teacher.

  2. She spoke well.

  3. I am well again, thank you. 我的身體又好了,謝謝你。

 

  29、work hard和hard-working

  請問老師work hard和hard-working的區(qū)別?謝謝您!

  work hard是動詞短語

  He works hard.

  hard-working相當(dāng)于形容詞,用來修飾名詞,例如:

  Chinese people is a hard-working people.

 

  30、little, a little,few, a few

  few、a few、little、a little的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系: few / a few用來修飾可數(shù)名詞,few表示否定意義,沒有,幾乎沒有;

  a few表示有肯定意思, 有幾個。 例如:He has few friends here, he feels lonely.他這里沒朋友,他感覺寂寞。

  There are a few eggs in the basket.籃子里有幾個雞蛋。 little / a little用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞,little表示否定意思,沒有,幾乎沒有。 a little 表示肯定意思,有一點兒。

  例如:

  There is little ink in my bottle, can you gire me a little ink? 我的瓶子里沒有墨水了,你能給我點兒墨水嗎?

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