What can your eyes reveal about your health? Quite a lot - and some things you can see simply by looking in the mirror.

        你的眼睛能暴露出你哪些健康問(wèn)題？非常多——有些問(wèn)題你只需照照鏡子就能看出來(lái)。

Dr. John C. Hagan, III, a ophthalmologist in private practice in Kansas City, Mo. explains what he looks for when he examines his patients - and what you can look for on your own.

        密蘇里州堪薩斯市一家私人診所的眼科專家，約翰C.哈根三世（John C. Hagan, III）博士解釋說(shuō)，他為病人做檢查時(shí)所查看的癥狀——你也可以在自己的眼睛中查看。

Bug eyes

眼睛突出

Doctors call this condition exophthalmos, and it's a common sign of Grave's disease, a.k.a. overactive thyroid. In addition to the bug-eyed look, people with Grave's often experience weight loss, nervousness, and a rapid or irregular pulse. As for the green tint, that's just light from the room, not part of the condition.

        醫(yī)生稱把這種病為突眼癥，眼睛突出是格雷夫氏病的普遍癥狀，也稱為甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)癥。格雷夫氏病患者除了眼睛突出外，還經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)體重變輕、焦躁、脈搏過(guò)速或不規(guī)則。至于圖片中的眼睛有些淡綠色，那是房間光線的問(wèn)題，不是格雷夫氏病的癥狀。

Gray ring around the cornea

眼角膜周圍灰色的環(huán)

Gray isn't just for hair. Some people develop a gray ring around the edge of the cornea. The ring, which doctors call arcus senilis, often goes hand in hand with high cholesterol and triglycerides - and an increased risk for heart attack and stroke. Anyone who has the condition should have a blood test to check for elevated blood lipids - especially people under age 60.

        不只是頭發(fā)會(huì)變成灰色，有些人眼角膜的邊緣也會(huì)變成灰色。醫(yī)生把這個(gè)環(huán)稱為虹膜老化弧（arcus senilis），經(jīng)常與高膽固醇和高甘油三酸酯癥緊密相連，而高膽固醇和高甘油三酸酯會(huì)增加心臟病和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。任何有這種癥狀的人都應(yīng)該驗(yàn)一下血，看看是否血脂過(guò)高——特別是60歲以下的人。

Cloudy eye

眼睛混濁

This is a cataract - a clouding of the lens inside the eye. The condition, which can be corrected with surgery, is most common in older people. Cataracts that arise in younger people can have a variety of causes, including tumors and diabetes, as well as side effects from certain medications.

        這是白內(nèi)障——眼睛內(nèi)的晶狀體蒙上云斑。這種癥狀在老年人群中最常見，可以通過(guò)手術(shù)進(jìn)行校正。但由于各種原因，如腫瘤、糖尿病和某些藥物的副作用，白內(nèi)障也能發(fā)生在年青人中。

Skin cancer

皮膚癌

Basal cell carcinomas can show up in some pretty strange places, including the eyelid, where it often causes a sore that doesn't heal and the loss of eyelashes. And it's not something to be ignored. Although basal cell skin cancers are not usually fatal, they can cause severe disfigurement, blindness and even death if they reach the brain through the eye socket.

        基底細(xì)胞癌可以出現(xiàn)在身體上很多意想不到的地方，包括眼瞼上，經(jīng)常引發(fā)此處皮膚潰瘍、無(wú)法愈合和睫毛脫落的現(xiàn)象。但千萬(wàn)不可小覷此病，雖然基底細(xì)胞癌通常并不致命，但是嚴(yán)重時(shí)能夠毀容或者導(dǎo)致失明，如果癌細(xì)胞通過(guò)眼眶到達(dá)腦部時(shí)，可能致命。

Oily skin

油性皮膚

Though this might look like a tumor under the skin, it's actually nothing more than a blocked oil gland. Known as a chalazion, this hard, painless mass typically comes up quickly over a few days. It's most common in people with oily skin.

        盡管從外觀看上去很像皮膚腫瘤，但實(shí)際上它只是受阻的皮脂腺。通常稱為瞼板腺囊腫，這個(gè)硬硬的、不痛的塊狀物通常會(huì)在幾天內(nèi)迅速長(zhǎng)出，在油性皮膚的人身上最常見。

Myasthenia gravis

重癥肌無(wú)力

Droopy eyelids on both sides (ptosis) can be evidence of myasthenia gravis - an autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness. Good medical treatment is available for the potentially deadly disease, but the condition in milder forms can be difficult to diagnose.

        兩側(cè)眼皮下垂（上瞼下垂癥）可能是重癥肌無(wú)力病的跡象，這是一種自身免疫性疾病，癥狀是肌肉無(wú)力。這種潛在致命的疾病可以得到很好的治療，但是當(dāng)癥狀不明顯時(shí)很難確診。

This patient, who could barely keep her eyelids open, was diagnosed by her eye doctor.

        圖上眼科醫(yī)生診斷的這位病人，幾乎不能把眼皮睜開。

AIDS

愛滋病

Eye doctors can diagnose all sorts of diseases and medical conditions by looking at the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. One condition that ophthalmologists sometimes spot is HIV/AIDS, which causes the severe and potentially blinding inflammation of the retina shown here.

        通過(guò)查看視網(wǎng)膜——眼睛后部的感光組織，眼科醫(yī)生可以診斷出各種疾病和健康問(wèn)題。眼科專家有時(shí)能夠確認(rèn)的一例病就是艾滋?。ㄈ梭w免疫缺損病毒），如圖所示，它可以引起嚴(yán)重或潛在的致盲性視網(wǎng)膜炎癥。

Horner's Syndrome

霍納氏綜合癥

These eyes are showing a potentially dangerous combination: droopy eyelids (which doctors call ptosis) and pupils of different sizes (aneisocoria) If you see this condition when you look in a mirror, see a doctor fast. The condition, which doctors call Horner's syndrome, is sometimes associated with aneurysms and tumors in the neck.

        這種病人的眼睛會(huì)可能會(huì)表現(xiàn)出以下危險(xiǎn)的綜合癥狀：下垂的眼皮（上瞼下垂癥）和兩只眼睛的瞳孔大小不同（瞳孔不均）。照鏡子時(shí)你如果看到這種情況，要馬上看醫(yī)生。醫(yī)生把這種病癥稱為霍納氏綜合癥，有時(shí)與頸部腫瘤和動(dòng)脈瘤有關(guān)。

High blood pressure

高血壓

Eye doctors can detect evidence of high blood pressure by looking at the retina. The pressure causes tiny blood vessels in the retina to kink and twist, which is pointed out by one arrow. The other arrow points to "dents" in retinal veins, a condition known as A-V nicking. This person is at high risk for a devastating stroke.

        眼科醫(yī)生通過(guò)查看視網(wǎng)膜可以察覺出高血壓的跡象。壓力引起視網(wǎng)膜內(nèi)的微血管扭結(jié)彎曲，如圖中的一個(gè)箭頭所示，圖中的其它箭頭所指為視網(wǎng)膜靜脈內(nèi)的“ 凹陷”，稱作動(dòng)靜脈局部縮窄病癥。這個(gè)人突發(fā)重度中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)非常高。

Marfan's Syndrome

馬凡氏綜合癥

Marfan's Syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue in the body. Extreme height and thinness and unusually slender fingers are common markers of Marfan's, but the condition is sometimes diagnosed by eye doctors who observe characteristic changes in the string-like tissue that holds the eye's crystalline lens in place (which doctors call "sunrise syndrome").

        馬凡氏綜合癥是基因型結(jié)締組織病。馬凡氏綜合癥的常見特征是病人呈高、瘦型，通常手指細(xì)長(zhǎng)。有時(shí)，眼科醫(yī)生通過(guò)觀察固定晶狀體的線狀組織的特征變化可以診斷出此?。ㄡt(yī)生們稱之為“日出綜合癥”）。

It's vital that Marfan's be diagnosed as soon as possible, as the condition is commonly associated with weakness of the wall of the aorta. A rupture of the aorta is likely to be fatal. In fact, that's what happened to Olympic volleyball star Flo Hyman.

        馬凡氏綜合癥要盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)，這至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)樵摬⊥ǔＥc主動(dòng)脈的血管壁薄弱有關(guān)。主動(dòng)脈的破裂可能是致命的。事實(shí)上，奧林匹克排球女星弗洛·海曼（ Flo Hyman）就是因該病猝死。

Metastatic cancer

轉(zhuǎn)移性癌癥

Sometimes cancer that arises elsewhere in the body shows up first in the eyes. The two most common cancers that spread to the eye are lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women.

        有時(shí)，身體其它部位的癌癥最先表現(xiàn)在眼睛上。散布在眼睛上的兩種最常的癌癥是：男性的肺癌和女性的乳腺癌。

Diabetes

糖尿病

Lots of people have diabetes and don't know it. But the disease often causes telltale changes in the retina that can be picked up by an ophthalmologist.

        許多人并不知道他們得了糖尿病。但是這種疾病經(jīng)?？稍谝暰W(wǎng)膜上發(fā)出警告，眼科專家可以檢查出來(lái)。

In this eye, diabetes has caused tiny hemorrhages in the retina and yellowish deposits of blood fats (lipids). The condition is known as diabetic retinopathy.

        圖上這只眼睛中，糖尿病已經(jīng)引發(fā)視網(wǎng)膜微量的出血，以及黃色血脂的沉積。這種病稱為糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病。

Diabetes (continued)

糖尿病（續(xù)）

This eye shows evidence of severe diabetic retinopathy, which is a leading cause of poor vision and blindness. This patients needs laser treatments to fix the damage.

        這只眼睛表現(xiàn)的就是糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病，它是視力低下和失明的主要原因。這個(gè)病人需要進(jìn)行激光治療來(lái)恢復(fù)視力。