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三步法之攻破小升初完型、閱讀、首字母
完型填空：
第一步，通讀文章，抓大意，堅(jiān)決不看選項(xiàng)。（有的同學(xué)會(huì)問，缺少10個(gè)詞怎么可能讀文章??？我們看一下，通常的完形填空的文章都在200個(gè)詞以內(nèi)。這其中，出題人只挑出去了10個(gè)詞，那么絕大部分的文意還是保留了下來，當(dāng)然可以抓住文章大意嘍。）
第二步，從頭讀文章，兼看選項(xiàng)（切忌斷章取義?。ù蠹铱赡軙?huì)說有的時(shí)候會(huì)遇到不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，該怎么辦？）其實(shí)，很多單詞大家不用仔細(xì)追究它的具體含義，大家一定要注意方法。例如，The boy is small but comfortable. 其中，很多同學(xué)comfortable不認(rèn)識(shí)。此時(shí)，我們可以分析一下，but在句中是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的，所以small和comfortable我們可以視為反義詞，small可以表示為“不好”，自然而然comfortable就表示“好了”。所以我們只要知道單詞的大方向意思就足夠了。
第三步，補(bǔ)空，這一步不需要從頭看文章了，但是也不能只看有空的那一句，一定要看前后文。
閱讀理解：
第一步，審好題。拿到閱讀題千萬不要直接看文章。最先應(yīng)該審清題，審題時(shí)應(yīng)抓住題目的關(guān)鍵詞。此過程控制在一分鐘之內(nèi)。
第二步，通讀文章。注意三項(xiàng)，標(biāo)段落、找主題句、抓文章大意。此過程控制在4-5分鐘。
第三步，根據(jù)題目找答案。注意是找答案的依據(jù)，絕對(duì)不可以空想答案。因?yàn)殚喿x是按照作者和出題人的意志來出的，脫離文章根據(jù)自己經(jīng)驗(yàn)和思維做題危險(xiǎn)很大。此過程控制在3-4分鐘。
首字母填空：
方法等同于完型，只不過更要求大家分析句子的能力。大家對(duì)句子的分析要有一個(gè)過程。從最基本的主謂、主謂賓、主系表、主謂雙賓、主謂賓賓補(bǔ)，其次是從句問題，最后就是對(duì)句子中一些詞組和詞的把握了。
注意：完形填空和首字母會(huì)有原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)。所謂原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是指答案就是原文中出現(xiàn)過的詞或詞的變體。
When Mary Smith was a student, she always wanted to be a t___1___ , because she liked children. When she was twenty-two y___2____ old, she began teaching in a s____3____ . She was a very good teacher. The c__4_____ liked to come to her class. One day, o___5____ of the girls in her class said to her, “Miss Smith, why does m__6____ hair become white before their beard (胡須)?” Mary laughed and answered, “I don’t know, b___7_____ it happened to my father!” The other children laughed when they heard t___8____ . Then a boy said, “I k___9_____ , Miss Smith! Their hair becomes white because it’s sixteen years o____10____ than their beard.
Only mother love is true love. It gives everybody everything all his life.
When you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as m 1 as possible.In your walking hours she always holds you in her arms. When you are ill, she stops her work right now to look after you day and night and forgets about h 2 .When you are growing up day by day, she feels very h 3 .
When you are old e 4 to go to school, mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you to put on m 5 clothes. She always stands in the winter w 6 for you back from school every day. When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels w 7 about you at home. She usually knows about your study and spends much money on your school things. When you do w 8 at school, you will see the brightest smile on her face. Mother can do everything for you day after day.
Mother is always ready to g 9 everything she has to her children, not to receive. What true love that is in the world! We will r 10 Mother Love for ever!
1._____2.______3._____4._____5._____6._____7._____8._____9.______10______
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One day, a grandmother stays at home with her 14-month-old grandson. He is
p 1 with her yellow car key. At that time, the phone rings a 2 the grandmother goes to answer the phone. After the grandmother comes b 3 , she can’t find the key. She thinks that the little boy puts i 4 somewhere.
She looks f 5 it in the room, but she can’t find it anywhere. Then she has a
g 6 idea. The grandmother g 7 the child a blue key and pretends not to look. After a few m 8 the boy goes into his grandmother’s bedroom and he carefully puts the
b 9 key under her bed, next to the yellow k 10 .
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Jane Black is only four years old. Her grandpa u 1 to be a teacher and he t 2 the girl to read and write. The girl studies hard and learns a lot. She can count from one to one h 3 , read some picture books. Once u 4 a time Mrs Black took her daughter to a birthday party. The guests spoke h 5 of a rich woman’s boy. Mrs Black asked him a few questions, but all his answers were wrong. Jane began to laugh at him. The rich woman was angry. She told her friend, an e 6 of children’s education, was surprised and t 7 for a while. Then she asked, “There are three flies on the table. How many will be l 8 if I kill one?”
“One,” answered Jane.
“You’re wrong,” called out the fat woman. “All of them will fly away!”
“Do you think a d 9 fly can fly, madam?” asked the little girl.
The guests began to laugh and the woman’s face t 10 red.
1._____2.______3._____4._____5._____6._____7._____8._____9.______10______
練習(xí)十八答案：
1. used; 句意“她的爺爺過去是一名老師”used to do表“過去常常干…”
2. teaches; 這空比較容易，“教某人什么…”但是要注意形式
3. hundred; 根據(jù)句意，“從一數(shù)到一…”, 大家肯定可以猜到是“一百”
4. upon; 固定搭配“Once upon a time”表“曾經(jīng)”
5. highly; 固定搭配speak highly of 表“高度贊揚(yáng)..”
6. expert; 前后文聯(lián)系一起，“她告訴她的朋友，一個(gè)兒童教育的_______”這里肯定填 一個(gè)名詞。expert表“專家”
7. thought; 根據(jù)句意“想了一會(huì)”. 注意形式
8. left; 根據(jù)句意可以推斷表示“剩下”
9. dead; 上下文聯(lián)系，這只蒼蠅肯定是死的
10. turned 此空不難，注意形式
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In the old days, London was k 1 as a city of fog. The fog was as thick as pea-soup. London’s fog was c 2 by factory smoke, so it was called “smog”. The smog was so thick that car and bus drivers could h 3 see the road in front of them even during the daytime. People had to w 4 “smog-masks” over their faces when went out .
In December 1952, a very thick dark s 5 came down over the city. It was the w 6 smog Londoners had ever had. Nearly fifty people died in road accidents. Many more people b 7 very unhealthy. After three weeks, the smog began to l 8 slowly. Life in London came back to normal. But not long after that, over 4,000 people died as a r 9 of the smog. In 1956, the British s 10 burning coal in houses and factories in the city. London’s air got cleaner.
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In the USA, there are many fast restaurants. Fast food is one k______ of take-away food. It is very p . The famous r_________ are Kentucky Fried Chicken and McDonald’s. You only give m______ to the person in the restaurant and then take the food a_______ to eat outside ,in the park or on the street, at work or in your o______ home. Of c_____, you can eat in the restaurant .Many children l_____to go to KFC and McDonald’s b________ they can get gifts for their coming there. Today there are more and more A_____ take-away food restaurants in China.
練習(xí)（十九）答案
注意：a very thick dark c 5 came down over the city. 改為a very thick dark s 5 came down over the city.
1. known 根據(jù)常識(shí)倫敦又名“霧都”，大家可以猜到以…著名，所以是“be known as”
2. created 根據(jù)句意“倫敦的霧是由、被（注意by的意思）工廠的煙霧造成的”，被動(dòng)語態(tài)
3. hardly 理解句意，“霧很濃以致于…幾乎看不見…”
4. wear 上下文聯(lián)系，煙霧比較弄，所以人們出門的時(shí)候要帶上防霧面具
5. smog 相信這一空大家都會(huì)填
6. worst 理解句意后就知道是最高級(jí)，根據(jù)后文有人死了，很多人變得不健康，大
家可以判斷是糟糕的
7. became 上下文聯(lián)系，“變得不健康”
8. leave 根據(jù)句意以及上下文，“After three weeks, … Life in London came back to normal. ” “三個(gè)星期之后，倫敦的生活恢復(fù)正?！?，大家可以想到是“煙霧慢慢的散去”，但是要注意形式。
9. result 固定搭配 “as a result of”由于、因?yàn)椤?/span>.
10.stopped 上下文聯(lián)系
練習(xí)（二十）答案
1. kind 此空比較簡(jiǎn)單
2. popular 上下文聯(lián)系以及根據(jù)自己的生活的常識(shí)，可以知道是“受歡迎的”
3. restaurants 此空比較簡(jiǎn)單
4. money 此空比較簡(jiǎn)單
5. away 固定搭配 “帶走”
6. own 根據(jù)句意，“在自己的家里”
7. course 固定搭配
8. like/love 此空簡(jiǎn)單
9. because 根據(jù)句意可以填出來
10. American 上下文聯(lián)系與常識(shí)，前文有“USA”
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Once upon a time, there lived an old woman in a village. She had the brightest house in the village. The light c 1 from an apple tree .The apples on it gave out wonderful warmth and light. The people in the village c 2 it “Sun Tree”.
Soon the king h 3 about it. He wanted the tree to be in his garden. The old woman of course did not want him to take a 4 her tree. So she gave the king a seed of the tree to plant, but it didn’t g 5 .
The king went again to the woman’s house to take the tree away. The poor woman was very s 6 .Soon the tree in the king’s garden d 7 .The king thought ,”The Sun Tree needs this land to grow.” So he told the woman, “I’m going to live here. You must m 8 out.”
When the king’s new house was done, the king decided to have a party. When everyone got to the house, a girl shouted, “What a s 9 tree! It can walk!” The Sun Tree k 10 on walking until it got to the woman’s new house.
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