小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)講解與歸納一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一. 意義:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情,動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) 二. 構(gòu)成及變化 1.be動(dòng)詞的變化。 肯定句:主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它。如: I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。 否定句:主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑問(wèn)句:Be +主語(yǔ)+其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如:Where is my bike? 2. 行為動(dòng)詞的變化。 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一,二人稱(chēng)及復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),助動(dòng)詞為do 肯定句:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如: We often play basketball after school. 否定句:主語(yǔ)+ don't+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如:we don’t play basketball after school. 一般疑問(wèn)句:Do +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它? 如: Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don't. 特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+以do開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句? 如: What do you often do after school ? 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí) ,助動(dòng)詞為does 肯定句:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞三單式(+其它)。如: He swims well. 否定句:主語(yǔ)+ doesn’t+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如:He doesn’t swim well.. 一般疑問(wèn)句:Does +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。 如:Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+以does開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句? 如: How does your father go to work? 三.第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則(只有在第三人稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)的肯定句中,動(dòng)詞才用三單式) (1)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs……. (2)結(jié)尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前為輔音字母, 結(jié)尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes (3)動(dòng)詞末尾y前為輔音:將y改為i加es: study→studies fly→flies carry→carries cry→cries 但在y前如果為元音則直接加s:buys says 四.時(shí)間標(biāo)志:always , usually , often , sometimes ,every… 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一.意義——當(dāng)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正在發(fā)生的事。 二.構(gòu)成:be (am, is ,are )+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式 肯定句: 主語(yǔ) + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing (+ 其他) I’m doing my homework now . 否定句:主語(yǔ)+be+not+動(dòng)詞-ing +其他. I’m not doing my homework now. 一般疑問(wèn)句:Be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞-ing +其他? Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , I’m not . 特殊疑問(wèn)句:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞-ing+其他?What are you doing now ? 三. 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成: ?。?)一般在動(dòng)詞末尾直接加ing, (2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去掉e,再加ing, 如 skate →skating make →making dance → dancing write → writing have → having ride → riding come → coming (3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,中間只有一個(gè)元音字母,詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加ing, 如: putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting 四.時(shí)間標(biāo)志——now,句前的look ,listen 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一.意義:表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài). 二.構(gòu)成及變化 1. Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化: am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t) are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t) 帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。 2.行為動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化: 肯定句 : 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 .I watched a film last Sunday . 否定句 : 主語(yǔ)+ didn’t + 動(dòng)詞原形.I didn’t watch a film last Sunday . 一般疑問(wèn)句:Did + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 ? Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didn’t . 特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+ 以did 開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句 ?What did you do last Sunday ? 三、時(shí)間標(biāo)志: yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…) last night (week, month, year…), a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago… just now, 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一.意義: 表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?;蛑貜?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 二. 構(gòu)成及變化: 一般將來(lái)時(shí)常用的兩種結(jié)構(gòu) be going to+動(dòng)詞原形 : 表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。 shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形 : 表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,沒(méi)有太多的計(jì)劃性, 還用來(lái)表示意愿 1. be going to +動(dòng)詞原形 1.肯定句 主語(yǔ)+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份 My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐準(zhǔn)備明年學(xué)英語(yǔ)。 2.否定句 主語(yǔ)+be(am / is / are)not going to +動(dòng)詞原形 +其它成份 I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看電影。 3.一般疑問(wèn)句 Be (am / is / are)+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原型+其它成份…? Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isn’t.你父親打算和你去打籃球嗎?不。 4.特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)詞(Wh-)+一般疑問(wèn)句 ? Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春節(jié)你打算在哪過(guò)? 5.注意: be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)后面習(xí)慣上不跟 go , come 等表位移的動(dòng)詞,一般用該動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示。如: He’s going to New York next week.下周他要去紐約. 2.will /shall +動(dòng)詞原形 ?。ㄔ跁?shū)面語(yǔ)中,主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)時(shí),常用shall ,在口語(yǔ)中,所有人稱(chēng)都可以用will) 1.肯定句 主語(yǔ)+will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份 I (shall) write to him next week. 下周我將給他寫(xiě)信。 2.否定句 主語(yǔ) + will /shall+ not + 動(dòng)詞原形 +其它成份 They won’t watch TV this evening.今天晚上他們不看電視。 3.一般疑問(wèn)句 will/shall+主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞原形+其它成份 Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ? 明天你和我們呆在家里好嗎? 4.特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)詞(Wh-) +一般疑問(wèn)句 When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么時(shí)侯回來(lái)? 三、附 :Shall I /we …常用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn),而問(wèn)對(duì)方是否愿意,或者表示客氣的邀請(qǐng),常用Will you…?他們的回答比較靈活。 1.Shall we go to the park ? 肯定Sure , let’s go . 否定 No , let’s go to the cinema. 2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ? 肯定Yes, I will. / Sure . 否定 I’m sorry. I’m afraid I can’t. 四、時(shí)間標(biāo)志:tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening …… |
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