1 詞語(yǔ)釋義
引用別人的話有兩種方式,一種是講述別人的原話,并把它放在引號(hào)里,這叫直接引語(yǔ);另一種是用自己的話來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)述別人,并且不能用引號(hào),這就是間接引語(yǔ)。直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)之間可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。
2 直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
直接引語(yǔ):直接引述別人的話(句子中有“”)。
間接引語(yǔ):用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,叫“間接引語(yǔ)”(句子中一般無(wú)“”)
二.直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)
A.一般不表示請(qǐng)求或祈使的句子改為一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句
1.連詞
若直接引語(yǔ)引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容是陳述句,那么改為間接時(shí),要用連詞 that (可以省略)
……………….一般疑問(wèn)句,…….,要用連詞 if/whether (不可以省略)
……………….特殊疑問(wèn)句,…….,要用連詞 wh- 即特殊疑問(wèn)詞本身(不可?。?span id="bh51tjlzh" class=Apple-converted-space>
2.變化
(1)主句動(dòng)詞的變化
一般說(shuō)來(lái),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為said或said to,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí),said不變。當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí),則要把said或said to變?yōu)閍sked / asked sb.
(2)從句人稱的變化
由直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的主語(yǔ)人稱要遵循一主、二賓、三不變的原則。①直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要和主句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。②如果直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是第二人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要與主句的賓語(yǔ)保持一致。③如果直接引語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),人稱不變。例如:
①They said, “We will go there by bus.” →They said they would go there by bus.
②She said to me, “Are you interested in science?” →She asked me if I was interested in science.
③His mother said to me, “He can't go to school.” →His mother told me that he couldn't go to school.
(3)、從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的變化
a. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句的時(shí)態(tài)則應(yīng)是與主句時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)→一般過(guò)去時(shí);②一般過(guò)去時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí);③現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)→過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);④現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí);⑤過(guò)去完成時(shí)→過(guò)去完成時(shí)(不變);⑥一般將來(lái)時(shí)→過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。例如:
The girl said, “I'm sorry for being late for class.” →The girl said that she was sorry for being late for class.
b. 直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí),則間接引語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。例如:
He says, “I have finished my homework.” →He says that he has finished his homework.
She will say, “I'll do it tomorrow.” →She will say that she'll do it the next day.
c. 直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀事實(shí)或真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。例如:
The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.” →The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.
(4)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化
直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),指示代詞的變化為this→that, these→those等;時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的變化為now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, tomorrow→the next day等;地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化為here→there;動(dòng)詞的變化為come→go(go 不要變come)。例如:
1. She said, “I will come this evening.” →She said that she would go that evening.
2. He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.” →He said that his sister had been there three days before, but she was not there then.
B.表示請(qǐng)求或祈使的句子改為句型tell/ask/order sb (not) to do sth
當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容表示要求時(shí)用tell sb (not) to do sth
當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)用ask sb (not) to do sth
當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)引號(hào)里的內(nèi)容表示強(qiáng)制要求時(shí)用order sb (not) to do sth
3 擴(kuò)展
1、直接引語(yǔ)如果表示客觀真理,變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。
2、直接引語(yǔ)若有明確的表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ),變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。
3、若直接引語(yǔ)中含有could,must,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變。
4、直接引述別人的原話,叫直接引語(yǔ)。
5、用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,叫間接引語(yǔ)。