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介詞的省略
①both 后常跟of短語(yǔ)，其后可以接名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可以接代詞賓格復(fù)數(shù)形式。接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，介詞of可以省略，但接代詞賓格時(shí)，of不能省略。
②在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表持續(xù)和重復(fù)的句型中，一段時(shí)間前的介詞for可以省略。
③和一些動(dòng)詞搭配構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)中的介詞，consider... (as)..., prevent / stop... (from)doing...,
have trouble / difficulty... (in) doing...,spend... (in / on) doing... 等中的介詞可以省略。
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①Both (of) the films were interesting. 這兩部電影都很有趣。
She invited both of us to her birthday party.
她邀請(qǐng)我們倆去參加她的生日派對(duì)。
②These shoes are worn out. They have lasted (for) a long time.
這雙鞋穿破了，已經(jīng)穿了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間了。
③Trees can prevent the earth (from) being washed away.
樹(shù)能阻止泥土被沖走。
Can you stop him (from) going swimming in the river?
你能阻止他下河洗澡嗎？
I have some difficulty (in) answering the question.
回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題我有點(diǎn)困難。
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①有些動(dòng)詞，believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。
to be + n. / adj.中的to be可以省略。
②感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等以及使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式，
其中的不定式符號(hào)to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，to必須保留。
③在can not but, can not choose but, can not help but之后的動(dòng)詞不定式一般不帶to；but之前有實(shí)
義動(dòng)詞do的某個(gè)形式do, does, did, done 時(shí)，也不帶to, 否則要帶to。
④在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中為了避免重復(fù)。
⑤在why, why not 引導(dǎo)的特殊問(wèn)句中后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
⑥動(dòng)詞不定式中動(dòng)詞原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出現(xiàn)過(guò)同樣的動(dòng)詞。如果句子前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)同樣的動(dòng)詞，為了避免重復(fù)，句子后面的不定式常省略動(dòng)詞原形，而保留不定式符號(hào)to。
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①I consider him (to be) lazy.我認(rèn)為他懶。
His mother found him (to be) a clever boy.
他母親發(fā)覺(jué)他是一個(gè)很聰明的孩子。
②They made the boy go to bed early.他們強(qiáng)迫這個(gè)男孩早睡。
The boy was made to go to bed early. 這個(gè)男孩被迫早睡。
注：help后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式中的to可以省略也可保留。
③We have nothing to do now but wait.
我們現(xiàn)在除了等沒(méi)有別的事可做。
I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不欽佩他的勇敢。
He has no choice but to accept the fact.
除了接受這個(gè)事實(shí)他別無(wú)選擇。
④I'm really puzzled what to think or say.
我真不知道該怎么想，怎么說(shuō)才好。
但兩個(gè)不定式有對(duì)照或?qū)Ρ鹊囊饬x時(shí)，則后一個(gè)to不能省。
I came not to scold but to praise you.
我來(lái)不是責(zé)備你，而是贊美你。
⑤Why talk so much about it?為什么大談這個(gè)事呢？
Why not try it again? 為什么不再試一試呢？
⑥They may go if they wish to(go).
如果他們想去，他們就可以去。
Don't go till I tell you to.直到我告訴你去，你才可以去。
在一些動(dòng)詞afford, agree, expect, forget, mean, pretend, remember, want, refuse, hope, wish, would like (love), try等后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，不定式中的to可以承前（后)省略。
—Will you go to the cinema with me?
你愿和我一起去看電影嗎？
—Well, I'd like to (go with you). 我愿意。
I would do it for you, but I don't know how to (do it for you).
我想為你做這事，但我又不知如何做。
在某些形容詞，afraid, glad, willing, happy, eager等后承前省
略動(dòng)詞原形，只保留不定式符號(hào)to。
—Will you join us in the game?
你愿和我們一起做這個(gè)游戲嗎？
—Sure, I'll be glad to(join you in the game). 當(dāng)然，我愿意。
有些動(dòng)詞，tell, ask, allow, expect, force, invite, permit, persuade, order, warn, wish, would like,forbid等后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式承前省略動(dòng)詞原形， 保留動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to。
He didn't come, though we had invited him to (come).
盡管我們邀請(qǐng)他來(lái)，他卻沒(méi)來(lái)。
注：承前省略的動(dòng)詞不定式如果有助動(dòng)詞have或be，則要保留be或have。
—Are you a teacher? 你是老師嗎？
—No, but I used to be (a teacher).不，我以前是。
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復(fù)合句中的省略
▲名詞性從句中的省略
①作賓語(yǔ)的what從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句的相同，則what從句可以省略謂語(yǔ)，甚至主語(yǔ)
②有時(shí)候也可以根據(jù)說(shuō)話(huà)的情景來(lái)省略主句中的一些成分。
③在某些表虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的助動(dòng)詞should可以省略。
▲定語(yǔ)從句中的省略
①在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that, which, who (whom)?？梢允÷浴?/span>
②關(guān)系副詞when, where, why以及that在the time(day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week,
month, year等) when, the place(desk, table, room, spot, house, town, country, school等)where, the reason why, the way that結(jié)構(gòu)中引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在非正式場(chǎng)合下，可以省略關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, that。
▲狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略
當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，或狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)是it，并且又含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，?？梢允÷詮木渲械闹髡Z(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。
①在as, before, till, once, when, while等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。
②在though, although,等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中。
③在if, unless(=if... not)等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。
④在as, as if, as though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中。
⑤在as(so)... as..., than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中。
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復(fù)合句中的省略
▲名詞性從句中的省略
①Someone has used my bike, but I don't know who (has used it).
有人用了我的自行車(chē)，但我不知道是誰(shuí)。
He has gone, but no one knows where (he has gone).
他走了，但沒(méi)人知道他去哪兒了。
②（I'm）Sorry I've kept you waiting so long.
對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。
③It's important that we (should) speak to the old politely.
我們對(duì)老人說(shuō)話(huà)要有禮貌，這很重要。
▲定語(yǔ)從句中的省略
①The man(who/whom)I saw is called Smith.
我見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)人名叫史密斯。
Where is the book (which) I bought this morning?
今天上午我買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)在哪兒？
②I shall never forget the day (when) we first met.
我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)忘記我們第一次見(jiàn)面的那一天。
The reason (why) he came so early is his own affair.
他來(lái)這么早是他自己的事。
The way (that) you answered the questions was admirable.
你回答這些問(wèn)題的方式令人欽佩。
▲狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略
①While（I was）waiting, I was reading some magazines.
我一邊看雜志，一邊等。
②Though (they were) tired, they went on working.
雖然他們累了，但他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)工作。
③You shouldn't come to his party unless (you were) invited.
除非你被邀請(qǐng)，否則你不應(yīng)該來(lái)參加他的宴會(huì)。
④He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的那樣去做了。
He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak.
他停下來(lái)，好像是在期待她說(shuō)話(huà)。
⑤He did as (he had been) told. 他按照被告知的那樣去做了。
He paused as if (he was) expecting her to speak.
他停下來(lái)，好像是在期待她說(shuō)話(huà)。
I know you can do better than he (can do).
我知道你能比他做得更好。
This car doesn't run as fast as that one (does).
這輛小車(chē)不及那輛跑得快。
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