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英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)+及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞+連系動(dòng)詞+終止性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)+重點(diǎn)句型+重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

 紫曦唯冪1 2014-06-07

英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)+及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞+連系動(dòng)詞+終止性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)+重點(diǎn)句型+重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)  

英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)(tense)是一種動(dòng)詞形式,不同的時(shí)態(tài)用以表示不同的時(shí)間與方式。

下面就英語(yǔ)中常見的八種基本時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行闡述,其它的時(shí)態(tài)都是在這八種時(shí)態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合而成的。

一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

1.概念:經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):動(dòng)詞 原形 (如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),動(dòng)詞上要加(e)S)

4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don't,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

5.一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn),如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。

6.例句:. It seldom snows here.

He is always ready to help others.

Action speaks louder than words.

二、 一般過(guò)去時(shí):

1.概念:過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):be動(dòng)詞;行為動(dòng)詞

4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

5.一般疑問(wèn)句:was或were放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did 提問(wèn),同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.

I didn't know you were so busy.

三、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):

1.概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):now, at this time, these days, etc.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+doing

4.否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.

5.一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。

6.例句: How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his lessons.

四、 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):

1.概念:表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+doing

4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.

5.一般疑問(wèn)句:把was或were放于句首。

6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.

When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.

五、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):

1.概念:過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):have/has + done

4.否定形式:have/has + not +d one.

5.一般疑問(wèn)句:have或has。

6.例句:I've written an article.

It has been raining these days.

六、 過(guò)去完成時(shí):

1.概念:以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):had + done.

4.否定形式:had + not + done.

5.一般疑問(wèn)句:had放于句首。

6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books

七、 一般將來(lái)時(shí):

1.概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.

4.否定形式:was/were + not; 在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

5.一般疑問(wèn)句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。

6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.

It is going to rain.

八、 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí):

1.概念:立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻,從過(guò)去看將來(lái),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

3.基本結(jié)構(gòu):was/were/going to + do;would/should + do.

4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.

5.一般疑問(wèn)句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。

6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.

I asked who was going there時(shí)態(tài)講解

 

 用法

 

一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用于:

1 、表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。 e.g. It seldom snows here.

2 、表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。 e.g. He is always ready to help others.

3 、普遍真理。 e.g. Action speaks louder than words.

4 、劇情圖片介紹,背景說(shuō)明,動(dòng)作解說(shuō)。 e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the table)

Doctor : What's your trouble, young man?

Tom : I've caught a cold, doctor.

5 、時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式狀語(yǔ)從句表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)。

e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.

與這種時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常有: always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。

二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要用于:

1 、表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況(包括習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài))

e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.

2 、談到過(guò)去的情況時(shí) e.g. I didn't know you were so busy.

3 、談到已死人的情況時(shí) e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.

與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常有:

yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,表示主句動(dòng)作開始的時(shí)間。

三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要用于:

1 、表示到現(xiàn)在為止這一時(shí)期中發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,即多次動(dòng)作的總和。

e.g. We have learnt four English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel?

For many days we haven't seen each other.

2 、表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的某一已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

e.g. The delegation has left 代表團(tuán)已經(jīng)走了(說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在不在這里) Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。

與這一時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有: already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短語(yǔ),連詞 since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別:

一般過(guò)去時(shí):重在說(shuō)明動(dòng)作在過(guò)去發(fā)生時(shí)的具體情況(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、對(duì)象、細(xì)節(jié)等)。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):只提起已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(事實(shí))及其影響,不說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)的具體情況。

cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?

I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.

注:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)的動(dòng)作常具有反復(fù)性,故下面一句是錯(cuò)的:

Have you seen the six thirty's news program? 應(yīng)改為: Did you see the six thirty's news program?

四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于:表示過(guò)去開始的某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,以至延伸到將來(lái),它強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間之長(zhǎng)久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在寫一篇文章。(還在寫)

cf. I've written an article. 我寫了一篇文章。(已寫完)

It has been raining these days. 這些天一直在下雨。

五、過(guò)去完成時(shí)

1 、過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)時(shí)態(tài),表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去,只有在兩個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才可顯示出來(lái)。

e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

注:主從句表達(dá)的動(dòng)作緊接時(shí),即兩動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間沒有明顯時(shí)間上的懸殊或空檔時(shí),主從句都可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?

2 、過(guò)去完成時(shí)可表示截止過(guò)去某一時(shí)間動(dòng)作的總或動(dòng)作的結(jié)束。

e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.

與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常有: by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,表示主句動(dòng)作結(jié)束的時(shí)間。

(六)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于:

1 、表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?

2 、代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),而含有某種感情色彩。

e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺怎樣?(顯得親切)

He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功課很好。(贊揚(yáng))

You are always boasting. 你老愛吹牛。(厭煩)

3 、動(dòng)詞 go, come, leave, arrive 等表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí)。 e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.

與這種時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常有: now, these days, recently, this week 等。

七、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于: 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那時(shí)她在解放軍某部工作。

What were you doing this time yesterday?

與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用: at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。

用 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示主句的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)間。

e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.

注:

1 、 while 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句敘述過(guò)去的動(dòng)作時(shí),從句常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.

2 、 when 用作并列連詞,意為“這時(shí)”,連接兩分句時(shí),第一句多用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.

一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別:

一般過(guò)去時(shí):強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始或完成的動(dòng)作。

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

試區(qū)別下面兩句:

We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們?cè)谛藿ㄒ蛔畮?kù)。(可能尚未建成)

We built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我們修建了一座水庫(kù)。(已經(jīng)建成)

八、一般將來(lái)時(shí)主要用于: 表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況

e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.

與這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用: tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。

一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)與其它結(jié)構(gòu)表將來(lái)情況的區(qū)別:

一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài) :主要從時(shí)間的角度表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。

be going to 結(jié)構(gòu) :①表(主觀上)打算或準(zhǔn)備做某事時(shí)。 ②表有發(fā)生某事的預(yù)兆時(shí)。

e.g. They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.

據(jù)以上區(qū)別,故下面一句是錯(cuò)的:

I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 應(yīng)改為: I shall be eighteen years old next year.

be about to do sth 結(jié)構(gòu) :意為“剛要做某事”、“馬上要做某事”強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間之緊迫性。

e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我們將馬上討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

be to do sth 結(jié)構(gòu): 表示按計(jì)劃、安排、規(guī)定將實(shí)施某事或表示注定會(huì)發(fā)生某事。

e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered for.

 

 

 

及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞

 

英語(yǔ)中按動(dòng)詞后可否直接跟賓語(yǔ),可把動(dòng)詞分成及物動(dòng)詞與和及物動(dòng)詞。

1.及物動(dòng)詞: 字典里詞后標(biāo)有vt. 的就是及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后必須跟有動(dòng)作的對(duì)象(即賓語(yǔ)),可直接跟賓語(yǔ)。see 看見 (vt.) +賓語(yǔ) I can see a boy.

2.不及物動(dòng)詞:字典里詞后標(biāo)有vi. 的就是不及物動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后不能直接跟有動(dòng)作的對(duì)象(即賓語(yǔ))。若要跟賓語(yǔ),必須先在其后添加上某個(gè)介詞,如to,of ,at后方可跟上賓語(yǔ)。

具體每個(gè)動(dòng)詞后究竟加什么介詞就得背動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)了,如listen to,look at…..

3. 賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作的對(duì)象):是名詞或代詞,或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)(如動(dòng)名詞)。其它詞不看作動(dòng)作的對(duì)象呢。

4.舉例:“看”

(1)see 看見 (vt.) +賓語(yǔ) I can see a boy.

(2)look 看 (vi.) x賓語(yǔ)(即不能直接加賓語(yǔ)). Look! She is singing.

Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副詞,不是名詞,故不作賓語(yǔ)喲)

(3)look at 看…….+賓語(yǔ) Look at me carefully! (me是代詞,作賓語(yǔ)了)

 

 

連系動(dòng)詞

連系動(dòng)詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),必須與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。

表語(yǔ)通常由名詞、形容詞,或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或怎么樣。

一、 連系動(dòng)詞的類型有:

1. "存在"類:表示存在或具有某種特征或狀態(tài).這類連系動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)"存在"。常見的有:be(是),look(看起來(lái)),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、顯得),prove(證明是),smell(聞起來(lái)),taste(嘗起來(lái)),sound(聽起來(lái))等。例如:

The story sounds true.

Those oranges taste good.

2. "持續(xù)"類:表示某種情況或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)。這類連系動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)"持續(xù)"。常見的有:remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),continue(繼續(xù)、仍舊),stand(處于某狀況或情形)等。例如:

Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.

It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?

3. "變化"類:表示由一種情況或狀態(tài)變化成另一種情況或狀態(tài)。這類連系動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)"變化"后的情況或狀態(tài).常見的有:become(變成), turn(變成), grow(變得), go(變得)等。例如:

Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.

二、注意事項(xiàng)

1. 有些連系動(dòng)詞通常不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中。如:feel, taste等詞。例如:

-Do you like the material?

-Yes, it feels very soft.

2. 一般情況下,連系動(dòng)詞主要跟形容詞或分詞作表語(yǔ)。例如:

Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.

3. 能跟名詞作表語(yǔ)的連系動(dòng)詞常見的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn后跟(表示主語(yǔ)身份的)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),不加冠詞。例如:

Twenty years later, he turned teacher.

The population growth in China remains a problem.

4. 連系動(dòng)詞也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常見的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如:

Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.

On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.

 

 

終止性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

終止性動(dòng)詞指不會(huì)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作在瞬間或短時(shí)間內(nèi)完成。 例如:get arrive 這類動(dòng)詞不與一段時(shí)間連用

終止性動(dòng)詞:表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如:begin,arrive, borrow, ...終止性動(dòng)詞的肯定式是不能持續(xù)的,所以不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,而終止性的否定式就可以和表一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ).

一、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的概念

英語(yǔ)中,動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短,可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

終止性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。

二、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征

1.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示"段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示"段時(shí)間"的短語(yǔ)有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自從我來(lái)到這兒就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。

2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"狀語(yǔ)連用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,而at eight表示"點(diǎn)時(shí)間",前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作,可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示。上句可改為:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:

-When did you get to know Jack?

-Two years ago.

-Then you've known each other for more than two years.

-That's right.

三、終止性動(dòng)詞的用法特征

1.終止性動(dòng)詞可用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作完成,因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如:

The train has arrived.火車到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎?

2.終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫,不能持續(xù)。因此,不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用(只限肯定式)。如:

(1)他死了三年了。

誤:He has died for three years.

正:He has been dead for three years.

正:He died three years ago.

正:It is three years since he died.

正:Three years has passed since he died.

(2)他來(lái)這兒五天了。

誤:He has come here for five days.

正:He has been here for five days.

正:He came here five days ago.

正:It is five days since he came here.

正:Five days has passed since he came here.

(1)、(2)句中的die、come為終止性動(dòng)詞,不能與表示"段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)連用。那么,應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢?可以采用下面的四種方法:

(1)將句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。

(2)將句中表示"段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)改為表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá)方式。

(3)用句型"It is+段時(shí)間+since..."表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。

(4)用句型"時(shí)間+has passed+since..."表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。

3.終止性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)否定式中,成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài),因而可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如:

He hasn't left here since 1986.

I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.

4.終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式與until/till連用,構(gòu)成"not+終止性動(dòng)詞+until/till ..."的句型,意為"直到……才……"。如:

You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能離開這里。

I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才上床睡覺。

5.終止性動(dòng)詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中。when表示的時(shí)間是"點(diǎn)時(shí)間"(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用終止性動(dòng)詞),也可以是"段時(shí)間"(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)。而while表示的是一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或過(guò)程,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:

When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach為終止性動(dòng)詞)

Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))

6.終止性動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)不可與how long連用(只限于肯定式)。如:

誤:How long have you come here?

正:How long have you been here?

正:When did you come here?

終止性動(dòng)詞不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),若是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)形式應(yīng)譯成將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的意思。

 

終止性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞辨析 王嵩

英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。這兩種動(dòng)詞在每年中考英語(yǔ)試題中出現(xiàn)率較高,筆者將其歸納分類,供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)參考。一、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作不但可以延續(xù),而且可以產(chǎn)生持久的影響。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有:be,have,keep,know,learn,lie,live,read,sing,sleep,stand,stay,wait,walk,watch等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法很廣,但常見于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的句子中,且常與for,how,long,since等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句連用。例如:1.I have learned more than 1,000 Chinese words since I came to China.自從來(lái)到中國(guó),我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了l,000多個(gè)漢字。2.We have lived in Linqing since we came here.自從來(lái)到這兒,我們就一直住在臨清。3.I have kept the picture for about three years.這張畫我保存了大約三年。 二、終止性動(dòng)詞 終止性動(dòng)詞又稱為瞬間動(dòng)詞或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,它表示的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù),也就是說(shuō)動(dòng)作一旦發(fā)生就立即結(jié)束,并產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有:accept,arrive,become,begin,borrow,break,buy,catch,close,come,die,end,fall,finish,get,give,go,join,leave,put,reach,receive,shut,start,stop等。終止性動(dòng)詞用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)要注意下面三點(diǎn): (一)終止性動(dòng)詞可直接用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作的完成。例如:1.They have reached Shanghai.他們已經(jīng)到達(dá)了上海。2.Has he gone to London? 他已經(jīng)到倫敦去了嗎? (二)終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫,不能持續(xù),所以,在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中一般不能和以since,for等引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如:1.那老人已經(jīng)死了一周了。The old man has died for a week.(誤)2.他三天前就已經(jīng)來(lái)這兒了。He has come here since three days ago.(誤)在以上兩句中,die和come都是終止性動(dòng)詞,可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但不能與以since或for引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。那么,上面兩個(gè)句子應(yīng)該怎樣譯成英語(yǔ)呢?請(qǐng)看下面四種譯法:1.把終止性動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞。例如:①The old man has been dead for a week.②He has been here since three days ago.2.把原句中的一段時(shí)間改為表示“過(guò)去”的時(shí)間,時(shí)態(tài)由現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)改變成一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:①The old man died a week ago.②He came here three days ago.3.用“It is+時(shí)間+since…”句式。例如:①It is/has been a week since the old man died.②It has been/is three days since he came here.4.用“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間+has passed+since…”句式。例如:①A week has passed since the old men died.②Three days had passed since he came here. (三)有關(guān)特殊終止性動(dòng)詞的用法。1.在while(表示一段時(shí)間)引導(dǎo)的從句里,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能使用終止性動(dòng)詞,但可以把while改成when,這樣,從句里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就可以使用終止性動(dòng)詞了。因?yàn)閣hen既可以表示時(shí)間的“點(diǎn)”,又可以表示時(shí)間的“段”。例如:While he got to America.he found his English Was very poor.(誤)When he got t0 America.he found his English was very poor.(正)2.終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式與until連用時(shí),意為“直到……才/不到什么時(shí)間不……”等。例如:Don’t get off until the bus stops.車未停穩(wěn),切勿下車。3.終止性動(dòng)詞不可以與how long引導(dǎo)的句式連用。例如:How long have you borrowed the magazine?(誤)When did you borrow the magazine?(正)How long have you kept the magazine?(正)

終止性動(dòng)詞與延緩性動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別

上海市中國(guó)中學(xué) 黃文英

英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞,是學(xué)習(xí)中的重點(diǎn),又是難點(diǎn)。英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞有多種分類法。根據(jù)其有無(wú)含義,動(dòng)詞可分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞;根據(jù)動(dòng)詞所表示的是動(dòng)作還是狀態(tài),可以分為行為動(dòng)詞和狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞;根據(jù)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作能否延緩,分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。

可以表示持續(xù)的行為或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,叫做“延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞”,也叫“持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞”,如:be, keep, have, like, study, live, etc.

有的表示短暫、瞬間性的動(dòng)詞,叫做“終止性動(dòng)詞”,也可叫“短暫性動(dòng)詞”,或“瞬間性動(dòng)詞”,如die, join, leave, become, return, reach, etc.

終止性動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),不可以用表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)(如:since 和for引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ))來(lái)修飾,終止性動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),只表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的因果關(guān)系,不能表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù),因此不能用表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾。

如可以說(shuō):The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.

但不可說(shuō):The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.

因?yàn)閟tart是終止性動(dòng)詞, 它所表示的動(dòng)作短促, 當(dāng)紅十字會(huì)出發(fā)時(shí),start這個(gè)動(dòng)作便結(jié)束了, 不可能延續(xù)兩天。

在十多年的教學(xué)生涯中,發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生對(duì)于如何解決這對(duì)矛盾不知所措,下面我來(lái)歸納一下解決這對(duì)矛盾的四種方法。

用ago時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)來(lái)代替since或for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong)

Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong)

應(yīng)改為: He returned from America two years ago.

2.用It is… since…復(fù)合句代替簡(jiǎn)單句

eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.

注意:以上兩種辦法適用于所有終止性動(dòng)詞。

3.用相應(yīng)的形容詞和副詞代替終止性動(dòng)詞。

eg. Mr. Richard has been back from America for two years.

4.用延緩性動(dòng)詞代替終止性動(dòng)詞。

eg. He has gone to the Internet for six hours. (wrong)

應(yīng)改為:He has been on the Internet for six hours.

但須注意:終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式可以和since 或for 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因?yàn)榻K止性動(dòng)詞的否定表示的是一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)。

eg. I have heard from my friend in Africa for half a year. (wrong)

I haven’t heard from my friend in Africa for half a year.. (right)

此外,終止性動(dòng)詞與延緩性動(dòng)詞在翻譯上也不同,很易混淆。下面我再就終止性動(dòng)詞與延緩性動(dòng)詞的含義問(wèn)題做一歸納:

1. 在連詞since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中, 用終止性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)或用延緩性動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí),其含義是大不相同的。

A. since所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果句子謂語(yǔ)是終止性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí), 則從句表示的時(shí)間是從“那一時(shí)刻開始”。

eg. He has studied very hard since he came to our school.

自從他來(lái)校以來(lái),一貫努力學(xué)習(xí)。

B. 在since所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,其謂語(yǔ)是延緩性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí),那么從句所表示的時(shí)間是從延緩性動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)算起。

eg. I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.

自從我醒后,沒聽見任何聲音。

介詞for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),在翻譯時(shí)有兩種不同的情況:

A.介詞for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和延緩性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式連用時(shí),有兩種不同的含義。

eg. He has not lived there for six months.

他不住在那兒已六個(gè)月了。(或: 他住在那兒還不到六個(gè)月。)

B.介詞for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和終止性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式連用,只有一種含義。

eg. Mary has not left here for six months.

瑪麗已六個(gè)月沒有離開過(guò)這兒了。

句中含有till 或until 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的,也可以是終止性的,但要注意兩種情況:

如果主句中動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞肯定或否定都可以,只是含義不同。

eg. He listened to the radio until his father came back.

他聽無(wú)線電一直到他父親回來(lái)為止。

eg. He didn’t listen to the radio until his father came back..

直到他父親回來(lái),他才聽無(wú)線電。

如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性動(dòng)詞,則只能用否定式。

eg. Mr. Smith didn’t marry until he was forty- five. (right)

史密斯先生到四十五歲才結(jié)婚。

Mr. Smith married until he was forty-five. (wrong)

參考資料:你看行嗎英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)(tense)是一種動(dòng)詞形式,不同的時(shí)態(tài)用以表示不同的時(shí)間與方式。

 

 

動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

一、動(dòng)詞+介詞

1.look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照料…

2.listen to…聽……

3.welcome to…歡迎到……

4.say hello to …向……問(wèn)好

5.speak to…對(duì)……說(shuō)話

此類短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞,其后必須帶賓語(yǔ),但賓語(yǔ)無(wú)論是名詞還是代詞,都要放在介詞之后。

二、動(dòng)詞+副詞

“動(dòng)詞+副詞”所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)義分為兩類:

A.動(dòng)詞(vt.)+副詞

1.put on 穿上 2.take off脫下 3.write down記下

此類短語(yǔ)可以帶賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)若是名詞,放在副詞前后皆可;賓語(yǔ)若是人稱代詞,只能放在副詞的前面。

B.動(dòng)詞(vi)+副詞。

1.come on趕快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家

4.come in進(jìn)來(lái) 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立

此類短語(yǔ)屬于不及物動(dòng)詞,不可以帶賓語(yǔ)。

三、其它類動(dòng)詞詞組

1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class

4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper

7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games

10. play games

 

 

[介詞短語(yǔ)聚焦]

“介詞+名詞/代詞”所構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)稱為介詞短語(yǔ)?,F(xiàn)將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語(yǔ)按用法進(jìn)行歸類。

1.in+語(yǔ)言/顏色/衣帽等,表示使用某種語(yǔ)言或穿著……。

2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/隊(duì)/班級(jí)/年級(jí)”等。

3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段時(shí)間。

4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在書桌/鉛筆盒/臥室里”。

5.in the tree表示“在樹上 (非樹本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在樹上(為樹本身所有)”。

6.in the wall表示“在墻上(凹陷進(jìn)去)”;on the wall表示“在墻上(指墻的表面)”。

7.a(chǎn)t work(在工作)/at school(上學(xué))/at home(在家)應(yīng)注意此類短語(yǔ)中無(wú)the。

8.a(chǎn)t + 時(shí)刻表示鐘點(diǎn)。

9.like this/that表示方式,意為“像……這/那樣”。

10.of短語(yǔ)表示所屬關(guān)系。

11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名詞等,表示方位、處所。

12.from與to多表示方向,前者意為“從……”,后者意為“到……”。

另外,以下這些短語(yǔ)也必須掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。

[重點(diǎn)句型大回放]

1.I think…意為“我認(rèn)為……”,是對(duì)某人或某事的看法或態(tài)度的一種句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…,

2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為“把……給……”,動(dòng)詞give之后可接雙賓語(yǔ),可用這兩種句型;若指物的賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí),則只能用give it/ them to sb.

3.take sb./ sth. to…意為“把……(送)帶到……”,后常接地點(diǎn),也可接人。

4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意為“一個(gè)是……;另一個(gè)是……”,必須是兩者中。

5.Let sb. do sth. 意為“讓某人做某事”,人后應(yīng)用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式,其否定式為Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let’s 與Let us的含義不完全相同,前者包括聽者在內(nèi),后者不包括聽者在內(nèi),

6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為“幫助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作賓補(bǔ),后者用介詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ),二者可以互換.

7.What about…?/How about…?意為“……怎么樣?”是用來(lái)詢問(wèn)或征求對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)、意見、看法等。about為介詞,其后須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。

8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意為“該做……的時(shí)間了”,其中to后須接原形動(dòng)詞,for后可接名詞或V-ing形式。

9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意為“喜歡做某事”, 前一種句型側(cè)重具體的一次性的動(dòng)作;后一種句型側(cè)重習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,

10.a(chǎn)sk sb.(not) to do sth. 意為“讓某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式,

11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意為“把某物給某人看”,該句型的用法同前面第2點(diǎn)。

12.introduce sb. to sb. 意為“把某人介紹給另一人”;introduce to sb.則是“向某人作介紹”。

[重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)快速?gòu)?fù)習(xí)]

1.kinds of 各種各樣的

2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是……

3. neither…nor…既不……也不……

4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中國(guó)清茶

5. take a seat 就坐

6. home cooking 家常做法

7. be famous for 因……而著名

8. on ones way to在……途中

9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院

10. at the end of在……的盡頭,在……的末尾

11. wait for 等待

12. in time 及時(shí)

13. make one’s way to…往……(艱難地)走去

14. just then 正在那時(shí)

15. first of all 首先,第一

16. go wrong 走錯(cuò)路

17. be/get lost 迷路

18. make a noise 吵鬧,喧嘩

19. get on 上車

20. get off 下車

21. stand in line 站隊(duì)

22. waiting room 候診室,候車室

23. at the head of……在……的前頭

24. laugh at 嘲笑

25. throw about 亂丟,拋散

26. in fact 實(shí)際上

27. at midnight 在半夜

28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快

29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架

30. take one’s temperature 給某人體溫

31. have/get a pain in…某處疼痛

32. have a headache 頭痛

33. as soon as… 一……就……

34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事

35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事

36. fall asleep 入睡

37. again and again再三地,反復(fù)地

38. wake up 醒來(lái),叫醒

39. instead of 代替

40. look over 檢查

41. take exercise運(yùn)動(dòng)

42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事

43. at the weekend 在周末

44. on time 按時(shí)

45. out of從……向外

46. all by oneself 獨(dú)立,單獨(dú)

47. lots of=a lot of 許多

48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再

49. get back 回來(lái),取回

50. sooner or later遲早

51. run away 逃跑

52. eat up 吃光,吃完

53. run after 追趕

54. take sth. with sb. 某人隨身帶著某物

55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) (好好)照顧,照料

56. think of 考慮到,想起

57. keep a diary 堅(jiān)持寫日記

58. leave one by oneself 把某人單獨(dú)留下

59. harder and harder 越來(lái)越厲害

60. turn on打開(電燈、收音機(jī)、煤氣等)

61. turn off 關(guān)

[重溫重點(diǎn)句型]

1.So + be/助動(dòng)詞/情牽動(dòng)詞/主語(yǔ).

前面陳述的肯定情況也適于另一人(物)時(shí),常用到這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),表示“另一人(物)也如此?!鼻懊骊愂龅姆穸ㄇ闆r也適于另一人(物)時(shí),常用“Neither/ Nor + be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ).”這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

注意:“So+主語(yǔ)+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.”這一句型常用于表示贊同,進(jìn)一步肯定對(duì)方的看法,表示“的確如此?!薄笆茄??!?/p>

2.Turn right/left at the first/second/…crossing.

這一指路的句型意為“在第一/二/……個(gè)十字路口向右/左拐?!毕喈?dāng)于Take the first /second/…turning on theright/left.

3.It takes sb.some time to do sth.

此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段時(shí)間?!逼渲械膇t是形式主語(yǔ),后面的動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))才是真正的主語(yǔ).

4.…think/find + it + adj. + to do sth.

此句型中的it是形式賓語(yǔ),不可用其它代詞替代,形容詞作賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),后面的動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))才是真正的賓語(yǔ)。

5.What’s wrong with…?

此句型相當(dāng)于What’s the matter/ trouble with…?后跟某物作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),意為“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),意為“某人怎么了?”

6.too…to…

在so…that…復(fù)合句中,that后的句子是否定句時(shí),常與簡(jiǎn)單句too…to…(太……而不能……)進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。

在so…that…復(fù)合句中,that后的句子是肯定句時(shí),常與簡(jiǎn)單句…enough to…進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換.

7.Sorry to hear that.

全句應(yīng)為I’m sorry to hear that. 意為“聽到此事我很難過(guò)(遺憾)?!背S糜趯?duì)別人的不幸表示同情、遺憾之意。

[重點(diǎn)句型、詞組大盤點(diǎn)]

1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她過(guò)去是一位漢語(yǔ)老師。

[用法] used to + 動(dòng)詞原形,表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),含有現(xiàn)在不再如此之意。

[搭配] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do.

[比較] used to do sth. 過(guò)去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用來(lái)做某事。

2.…return it sooner or later.

……遲早要將它歸還。

[用法] l)sooner or later意為“遲早”、“早晚”。

2)return此處用作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“歸還”,相當(dāng)于give back.

[拓展]return還可用作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“返回”,相當(dāng)于go back或come back。

3.No matter what the weather is like…無(wú)論天氣……

[用法]no matter what 相當(dāng)于whatever,其意為“無(wú)論什么”,引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。

[拓展]類似no matter what的表達(dá)方式還有:

no matter when無(wú)論什么時(shí)候

nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where無(wú)論什么地方

no matter who無(wú)論誰(shuí)

no matter how 無(wú)論怎么樣

4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.

一位年經(jīng)人與格林先生練習(xí)講英語(yǔ)。

[用法]practise doing sth. 表示“實(shí)踐、練習(xí)(做)某事”。

[拓展]practice名詞,“實(shí)踐”、“實(shí)施”、“練習(xí)”;put a plan into practice實(shí)行某計(jì)劃。

5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.

他鼓勵(lì)大家參加保護(hù)我們的湖泊、河流和海洋的活動(dòng)。

[用法]1)encourage用作動(dòng)詞,意思是“鼓勵(lì)”、“支持”。

2)take part in“參加”,常表示參加活動(dòng)。

3)protect 是動(dòng)詞,表示“防御”、“保護(hù)”。

[搭配]1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓勵(lì)或支持某人

nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人干某事

2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵襲或傷害

6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警告人們當(dāng)心水里的鯊魚。

[用法] warn用作動(dòng)詞,意思是“警告”、“警戒”。

[搭配]1)warn sb.+ that從句

2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事

3)warn sb. to do sth.告誡某人做某事

4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.告誡某人當(dāng)心某事/不要做某事

重點(diǎn)句型、詞組大盤點(diǎn) 1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她過(guò)去是一位漢語(yǔ)老師。 [ 用法 ] used to + 動(dòng)詞原形,表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),含有現(xiàn)在不再如此之意。 [ 搭配 ] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do. [ 比較 ] used to do sth. 過(guò)去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用來(lái)做某事。[短語(yǔ)、詞組歸納]

 

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