一、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)的定義
1. 直接引語(yǔ)：別人直接說(shuō)的話，一般直接放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。如：
(1) My mother told me, “You should finish your homework first, then you can play with your friends.”
(2) Our teacher said, “Class is over, we should have a rest.”
2. 間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。上面兩個(gè)例句變成間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是：
(1) My mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends.
(2) Our teacher said class was over and we should have a rest.
二、直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的變化
直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，由于引述動(dòng)詞（said，told等）一般都是過(guò)去時(shí)形式，因此間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、人稱代詞、限定詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等一般都要做相應(yīng)的變化。有下面幾種情況：
1. 現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推移到過(guò)去時(shí)間
所謂現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推移到過(guò)去時(shí)間指一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變成過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變成過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：
She said, “I am hungry.” → She said (that) she was hungry.
Vince said, “I have found what’s wrong with the computer.” → Vince said he had found what was wrong with the computer.
在下列場(chǎng)合，盡管陳述動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)形式，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)卻不必改變，即：
(1) 當(dāng)引述的是客觀事實(shí)、科學(xué)真理、現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣工作以及格言等內(nèi)容時(shí)：
He said, “The word ‘laser’ is an acronym(首字母縮略詞).” → He said the word ‘laser’ is an acronym.
(2) 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞所表示的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作在引述時(shí)仍在繼續(xù)時(shí)：
“I’m forty,” he said. → He said he is forty.
(3) 當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含無(wú)過(guò)去時(shí)形式的情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞時(shí)：
He said, “It must be pretty late. I really must go.” → He said it must be pretty late, and he really must go.
He said, “You mustn’t smoke in the room.”→ He said I mustn’t smoke in the room.
2. 過(guò)去時(shí)間推移到過(guò)去的過(guò)去
這里需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
(1) 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)先于引述動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)要變成過(guò)去完成體。例如：
He said, “I didn’t know you.” → He said he hadn’t known me.
   當(dāng)“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”已經(jīng)不言自明，或者通過(guò)其他詞匯手段予以體現(xiàn)，或者側(cè)重于強(qiáng)調(diào)所轉(zhuǎn)述的事實(shí)本身時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)形式可以不變。例如：
   Ann said, “She was born in 1981.”  → Ann said she was born in 1981.
(2) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以變成過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，也可以不變。例如：
Robert said, “I was joking with Mary.”
→ Robert said he had been joking with Mary.
      Robert said he was joking with Mary.
(3) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)仍為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，不需改變。例如：
He said, “We hadn’t returned to the store when she came.”
→ He said they hadn’t returned to the store when she came.
(4) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)分句中的一般過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以不變。例如：
John said, “When I lived in London I often saw Jane.”
→ John said when he lived in London he had often seen Jane.
3. 將來(lái)時(shí)間推移到過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間
最常見(jiàn)的是把表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的助動(dòng)詞由現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式變?yōu)檫^(guò)去時(shí)形式。例如：
He said, “We’re spending next weekend at home.”
→ He said they were spending the next weekend at home.
They said, “We’re going to Hawaii this summer vacation.”
→ They said they were going to Hawaii that summer vacation.
但是，在引述時(shí)，如果原話中的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)屬于尚未到來(lái)的將來(lái)時(shí)間，那么，可以不推移到過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)間。例如：
He said, “I’ll be waiting for you tomorrow.” → He said he will be waiting for me tomorrow.
4. 人稱代詞、限定詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的變化
由上面的例子可以看出，當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，除動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變化外，人稱代詞、限定詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等通常也作相應(yīng)的變化。
(1) 人稱代詞，除引述本人原話外，通常第一、二人稱變?yōu)榈谌朔Q，或者第二人稱變?yōu)榈谝蝗朔Q；限定詞也作相應(yīng)的變化。例如：
He said, “We love our country.” → He said they love their county.
(2) 指示代詞this，these分別變成that/it，those/they或them；指示限定詞this，those通常變?yōu)閠hat，those或the。例如：
“This house is very expensive,” she said. → She said that house was very expensive.
   (3) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)在間接引語(yǔ)中的變化有三種情況：
a. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)兩者都變。例如：
   He said, “It was completes a year ago.” → He said it had been completed a year before.
b. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不變，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)可變可不變。例如：
She said, “We left Paris at 8 a.m.”
→ She said they had left Paris at 8 a.m.
      She said they left Paris at 8 a.m.
c. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)變與不變需視具體情況而定，如果引述時(shí)間和說(shuō)話時(shí)間（如同一年、同一月、同一天等），時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可不變。例如：
Mr. Black said, “We started learning Chinese last month.”
   → Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese last month. （同一月引述）
   → Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese the previous month. （可在同一月引述，也可不在同一月引述）
直接引語(yǔ)                                   間接引語(yǔ)
today                                 that day
this morning/afternoon                   that morning/afternoon
yesterday                              the day before, the previous day
(the) day before yesterday                 two days before
tomorrow                              the next day, the following day
(the) day after tomorrow                  two days after, in two days’ time
next week/month                        the next week/month
last week/month                         the week/month before
now                                   then
(4) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)here通常變?yōu)閠here；但若說(shuō)話人所在地也就是引述人所在地，可仍用here，也可用具體地點(diǎn)代替here。例如：
She said, “I first met your brother here.” → She said she first met my brother there.
“Are the children here?” Father asked. → Father asked whether the children were here.
三、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)正誤例析
1. “Speak English more often in and out of class,” our English teacher said to us.
Our English teacher suggested us to speak English more often in and out of class. (誤)
Our English teacher told /asked us to speak English more often in and out of class. (正)
Our English teacher suggested that we (should)speak English more often in and out of class. (正)
簡(jiǎn)析：直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)語(yǔ)氣需要使用ask, tell, order等動(dòng)詞，其句型是：ask/tell/order someone to do sth.，但是suggest不能接不定式作賓補(bǔ)，只能接-ing形式或從句(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)作賓語(yǔ)。
2. “Don’t play football on the street, little boys,” the policeman said.
The policeman told the little boys did not play football on the street. (誤)
The policeman told the little boys not to play football on the street. (正)
簡(jiǎn)析：如果直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句的否定式，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要將其改為不定式的否定形式作賓補(bǔ)，不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not，而不是加do not, does not, did not等。
3. “Would you please do me the favor to carry the box upstairs?” the young woman said to me.
　The young woman ordered me to carry the box upstairs for her. (誤)
　The young woman asked me to carry the box upstairs for her. (正)
　簡(jiǎn)析：直接引語(yǔ)是一些表示請(qǐng)求、建議的疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，也變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ阶髻e語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。需要注意的是應(yīng)根據(jù)原句的語(yǔ)氣選用恰當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞。因?yàn)榇颂幵瓉?lái)的疑問(wèn)句用的是很客氣的語(yǔ)氣，改寫后不宜用order。
4. “You clean the classroom after class today, Tom,” said the monitor.
　The monitor said that Tom cleaned the classroom after class that day.(誤)
　The monitor told Tom to clean the classroom after class that day. (正)
　簡(jiǎn)析：一般而言，祈使句是以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭的，但是如果說(shuō)話人有意強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，也可以在句首加上主語(yǔ)。我們?cè)趯⑵渥優(yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)不能將帶有主語(yǔ)的祈使句與陳述句混淆起來(lái)。
5. “It’s a fine day. Let’s go to the country for a picnic,” Peter said to me.
　Peter told me that it was a fine day and let us go to the country for a picnic. (誤)
　Peter said that it was a fine day and asked me to go to the country for a picnic with him. (正)
　簡(jiǎn)析：當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)中有多種句子形式如陳述句、祈使句、疑問(wèn)句等時(shí)，我們就要用不同的方式將各種句子進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述。因?yàn)樵渲兄苯右Z(yǔ)前面部分是陳述句，故變?yōu)橛蓆hat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，后面部分是祈使句所以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ阶髻e補(bǔ)。

直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的技巧
 

一、如何變?nèi)朔Q;

下面有一句順口溜“一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”。“一隨主”是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化如：

She said. "My brother wants to go with me." →She said her brother wanted to go with her.

“二隨賓”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱?；虮坏诙四闼揎?。從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱，如：

He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" →He asked Kate how her sister was then。

“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。如果從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：

Mr. Smith said: "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。

二、如何變時(shí)態(tài)：

直接引語(yǔ)在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)、時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。

現(xiàn)在時(shí)它需改為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)改為完成時(shí)；過(guò)去完成時(shí)則保留原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)。如：

1) She said. "I have lost a pen." →She said she had lost a pen.

2) She said. "We hope so." →She said they hoped so.

3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。

但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。

①直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理。

"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

②直接引語(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” →Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。

③直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 20, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。

④直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：

He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。

⑤如果直接引語(yǔ)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。如：

Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。

三、如何變狀語(yǔ)：

直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)則，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來(lái)”（例：now變?yōu)閠hen, yesterday變?yōu)?the day before）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語(yǔ)，由“此”改為“彼”（例：this 改為that),如：

He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.

四、如何變句型：

①直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes." →She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

②直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.

"You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.

③直接引語(yǔ)如果是特殊問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)該改為由疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（賓語(yǔ)從句必須用陳述句語(yǔ)序）。

She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.

④直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb.(not) to do sth."句型。如：

"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.

"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she. →She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

⑤直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Let‘s”開(kāi)頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用“suggest +動(dòng)句詞（或從句）?！比纾?/p>

He said, " Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.

引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號(hào)引出人家的原話，這叫做直接引語(yǔ)；一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái)，這叫做間接引語(yǔ)。例如：
John said, "I’m going to London with my father."

約翰說(shuō)："我要和父親到倫敦去。"（引號(hào)內(nèi)是直接引語(yǔ)）

John said that he was going to London with his father.

約翰說(shuō)，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語(yǔ)從句是間接引語(yǔ)）

由直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，分以下情況：

1、直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí)

間接引語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（口語(yǔ)中that可以省略），主句的引述動(dòng)詞主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。

He said, "You are younger than I.” He said (that) I was younger than him.

2、直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)

間接引語(yǔ)為陳述語(yǔ)序：主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞say 改為ask,或改為wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。

（1） 一般疑問(wèn)句或反意疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)閕f (whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"

→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.

She asked me, "You have seen the film, haven’t you?"

→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.

（2） 選擇疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)閣hether….or 賓語(yǔ)從句。

I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"

→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

(3)特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橛稍瓉?lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

He asked, "Where do you live?" →He asked me where I lived.

3、直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句時(shí)

間接引語(yǔ)為不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（don’t 變?yōu)閚ot ）.

The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window." →The teacher told the boy to open the window.

His father said to him, “Don’t leave the door open.” →His father told him not to leave the door open.

[注意]

（1） 有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等動(dòng)詞 加以轉(zhuǎn)述。例如：

He said, "Let’s go to the theatre."

→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.

(2) "Would you mind opening the window?" he asked.

→He asked me to open the window.

"Why don’t you take a walk after supper?" he asked .

→he advised me to take a walk after supper.

"Shall we listen to the music?" he asked.

→He suggested listening to the music.

4、直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句時(shí)

間接引語(yǔ)為what 或how 引導(dǎo)，也可以用that 引導(dǎo)。

She said, "What a lovely day it is !"

→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.

5、如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語(yǔ)原來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按下列變化：

（1） 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)

（2） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

（3） 一般將來(lái)時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

（4） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)

（5） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)

（6） 過(guò)去完成時(shí)不變，仍為過(guò)去完成時(shí)

[注意]

（1）如果直接引語(yǔ)是表示客觀真理時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun."

→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

（2）如果直接引語(yǔ)中有明確表示過(guò)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)不改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如：

He said to me, "I was born in 1973."

→He told me that he was born in 1973.

(3)如果直接引語(yǔ)所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)和目前同樣生效，變?yōu)殚g接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

He said, "I’m a boy, not a girl."

→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.

(4)如果直接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，在變?yōu)殚g接引時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

The girl said, "I get up at six every morning."

→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.

(5)如果直接引語(yǔ)中含有since, when, while 引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，只改變主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句的一般過(guò)去時(shí)則不變。如：

He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."

→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.

(6)如果直接引語(yǔ)中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must, need, had better以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式could, might, should, would,在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的改變。例如：

The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation."

→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation.

He said , "I could swim when I was only six ."

→He said that he could swim when he was only six.

6.代詞等一般地應(yīng)作用相應(yīng)的變化。

指示代詞 this ---that

these--- those

表示時(shí)間的詞 now --- then

today--- that day

this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc)

yesterday ----the day before

last week(month) --- the week(month) before

three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before

tomorrow ----the next (following ) day

next week(month)--the next(following)week(month)

表地點(diǎn)的詞 here --there

動(dòng)詞 bring -- take

come –go

直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的用法及講解

定義：直接引語(yǔ)：直接引用別人的原話，并在原話前后加引號(hào)。

例：He said:" It is too late."

間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，多數(shù)以賓語(yǔ)從句的形式構(gòu)成。

例：He said it was too late.

直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)相互轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題

第一：人稱的變化。

主語(yǔ)為第一人稱的直接引語(yǔ)，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱要做相應(yīng)調(diào)整。

例如：

直接引語(yǔ) She said:" I am hungry."

間接引語(yǔ) She said she was hungry.

直接引語(yǔ) Mum said to me:" You must clean your bedroom by yourself."

間接引語(yǔ) Mum told me that I had to clean my bedroom by myself.

第二：時(shí)態(tài)變化

直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)要與主句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。其規(guī)律如下圖。

注意：

1.直接引語(yǔ)為客觀真理時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)不變，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

例如：Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth."

Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.

2.直接引語(yǔ)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)并且與具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)仍用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

例如：She said:" I went to England in 1998."

She said she went to England in 1998.

3.主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)不變。

He says:" I bought you a book yesterday."

He says that he bought me a book yesterday.

第三：指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化。

第四：句式上的變化

1.陳述句變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用that連接。

如：She said:" I am a girl."

She said that she was a girl. (that可以省略)

2.一般疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用陳述語(yǔ)氣，并要加連詞if或whether。

例如：She asked me:" Are you Mr. Li?"

She asked me if I was Mr. Li.

She asked us: "Do you want to go on a picnic?"

She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.

3.特殊疑問(wèn)句變間接引語(yǔ)要用特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。

例如："How much have we spent on petrol this year," Susan asked her husband.

Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.

4.祈使句變間接引語(yǔ)，一改二變?nèi)铀娜ァ?/p>

一改：said (to) 改為asked或told, ordered等

二變：said to 的賓語(yǔ)或呼語(yǔ)變?yōu)閍sked等的賓語(yǔ)

三加：即在動(dòng)詞原形前加to，使成為動(dòng)詞不定式

四去：去掉please

例：He said to her:" Don't take the book away."

He asked her not take the book away.

5.感嘆句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)

"What awful weather it is!" she said.

She complained about the awful weather.

"What a bright girl you are." He said to me.

He praised me that I was a bright girl.

直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)練習(xí)題

一、練習(xí)題
I. 將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)
1. “You should be more careful next time,” his father said to him.
2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children.”
3. “I haven’t heard from my parents these days,” said Mary.
4. The geography teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round
the sun.”
5. She said to him, “It’s time that you left here.”
6. Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”
7. John said to his parents, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.”
8. The history teacher said to them, “The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st, 1921.”
9. He said, “Are you a student?”
10. “Have you anything interesting I can read, George?” she said.
11. “She’s here to ask for help, isn’t she?” he asked.
12. “Where are you going?” the father asked his son.
13. “Are you sorry for what you have done?” the mother asked the naughty boy.
14. She said, “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago, Mr. Li?”
15. “Write your names on your papers first,” the teacher said to us.
16. “Please come here again tomorrow,” her friend said to her.
17. “Let me pack the parcel for you,” he said.
18. “Don’t make so much noise in class, boys and girls,” said the teacher.
19. “What a lovely day it is!”
20. “Happy New Year to you!” he said.
II. 把下列句子變?yōu)橹苯右Z(yǔ)
1. I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it.
2. She asked whether I would be free the next day or not.
3. I asked her where she was going and what she was going to do the next day.
4. His father told him not to climb that high tree in his new coat.
5. The stranger asked me what my name was.
6. She said that she would finish her work the next day.
7. The teacher asked if we could do it.
8. The commander ordered his men not to cross the river before dawn.
9. My teacher asked whether he was coming.
10. The scientist asked me what I was doing.
參考答案：
I. 將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)
1. His father told him that he should be more careful the next time.
2. Mr. Wang told the children that he would leave for Shanghai on business the next month.
3. Mary said that she hadn’t heard from her parents those days.
4. The geography teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round
the sun.
5. She told him that it was time that he left there.
6. Zhang Hong told me that Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.
7. John told his parents that he had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.
8. The history teacher told them that the Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st, 1921.
9. He asked whether I was a student.
10. She asked George if he had anything interesting she could read.
11. He asked whether she was there to ask for help or not.
12. The father asked his son where he was going.
13. The mother asked the naughty boy if he was sorry for what he had done.
14. She asked Mr. Li whether he had met that man at the station two hours before.
15. The teacher told us to write our names on our papers first.
16. Her friend asked her to go there again the next/ following day.
7. He offered to pack the parcel for me.
18. The teacher told the boys and girls not to make so much noise in class.
19. He/ She exclaimed that it was really a lovely day.
20. He wished me a Happy New Year.
I. 把下列句子變?yōu)橹苯右Z(yǔ)
1. I said to him, “I have lost my money. I will find it.”
2. She asked, “You will be free tomorrow, won’t you?”
3. I asked her, “Where are you going and what are you going to do tomorrow?”
4. His father said, “Don’t climb this high tree in your new coat.”
5. The stranger asked, “What’s your name?”
6. “I’ll finish my work tomorrow,” she said.
7. The teacher asked, “Can you do it?”
8. The commander ordered his men, “Don’t cross the river before dawn.”
9. My teacher asked, “Is he coming?”
10.  The scientist asked me, “What are you doing?”

直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)練習(xí)題
二 將所給直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，每空一詞：
1. “I never eat meat.” he said.
He said that ______ never ______ meat.
2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.
3. “I took it home with me.” she said.
She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.
4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.
5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.
6. “You must come here before five.” he said.
He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.
7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.
He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.
8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.
9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there
10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.
11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.
He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.
12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.
13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.
He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.
14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said.
She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.
15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.
He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______.
【參考答案】
1. he, ate   2. told, had, found, his 
3. she, had, taken   4. rise, goes 
5. told, had, before   6. had, there 
7. had, before   8. asked, if [whether], before 
9. told, could   10. how, she, had 
11. where, I, had, those   12. if [whether], I, lived 
13. told, to, stop   14. not, to, tell 
15. asked, if [whether], that 

三 請(qǐng)將下列直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)。

1. “I'm glad to receive your e-mail,” said he.

　________________________________________________

2. He said to me, “Are you going home this weekend?”

　________________________________________________

3. “How do you like the food here?” said she.

　________________________________________________

4. She said to me, “Don't ride in the street.”

　________________________________________________

5. “Stand where you are!” the police said to the young man.

　________________________________________________

II. 請(qǐng)?jiān)谙铝锌瞻滋幪钌线m當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)，使句意不變。

1． She said, “Are you from the south?”

　She asked ________ I ________ from the south.

2. Mom said to me, “Don't tell a lie.”

　Mom ________ me ________ ________ tell a lie.

3． Susan said to me, “We visited the Red Star Farm last week.”

　Susan told me that ________ ________ ________ the Red Star

　Farm ________ ________ ________.

4． Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”

　Mr Paul ________ us that light ________ faster than sound.

5． “Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him.

　The manager ________ him ________ ________ and post the letters.

參考答案： I. 1. He said that he was glad to receive my e-mail. 2. He asked me if I was going home that weekend. 3. She asked how I liked the food there. 4. She told me not to ride in the street. 5. The police ordered the young man to stand where he was.

II. 1. if / whether; was  2. told; not to 3. they had visited; the week before  4. told; travels 5. told; to go

四 直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)練習(xí)題

1．He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”

2．She said: “He will be busy.”

3．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”

4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”

5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”

6．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.”

7．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”

8．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”

9．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”

10．The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”

11．He said, “We are still students.’

12．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”

13．The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”

14．He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”

15．She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.

16．Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”

17．He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.

18．She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”

19．I said to him, “I have finished it.”

20．She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”

21．“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked.

22．“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily.

23．“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.

24．“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me.

25．“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.

Key；

1． He told me that he had left his book in his room.

2． She said that he would be busy.

3． She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.

4． She asked me whether that book was mine or his.

5． The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.

6． The teacher told the students not to waste their time.

7． The mother asked Tom to get up early.

8． The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

9． My father said practice makes perfect.

10． The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.

11． He said they are still students.

12． He told me that he was born in 1978.

13． The engineer said he was at college in 1967.

14． He said he had studied English since he was a boy.

15． She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.

16． Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.

17． He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.

18． She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.

19． I told him I had finished it.

20． She told us she would come here tomorrow

21． The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived.

22． The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition.

23． The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound.

24． Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening.

25． The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before.