由what引導的感嘆句 what修飾名詞或名詞短語,有以下兩種形式: 1. What+a(an)+(形容詞)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!如: What an apple this is! What a fine day it is! 2. What+(形容詞)+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語! What kind women they are! What nice music it is! 由How引導的感嘆句 how用來修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞.其結(jié)構(gòu)是:How+形容詞(副詞)+主語+謂語! How hard the worker are working! How clever the girl is! How quickly the boy is writing! 注意:當how修飾動詞時,動詞不跟著感嘆詞提到主語之前. How the runner runs! what與how引導的感嘆句,一般情況下可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換,轉(zhuǎn)換后意義不變.如: What an interesting story it is!==How interesting the story is! what a beautiful bulding it is!==How beautiful the building is! 在口語中,感嘆句的主語和謂語常常省略.如: What a nice present!(省略it is) How disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、謂的詞語) 用法 感嘆句多以how或what引導,但在口語中,還有一些特殊的感嘆句表達形式. 1.以副詞here, there, in開頭的感嘆句. Here comes the bus! 公共汽車來了! There they are! 他們在那兒呢! 2.以疑問詞who開頭,表示驚奇. Who else will read such a book! 誰還會讀這樣的書! 3.以情態(tài)動詞may開頭,表示愿望. May you both be happy! 祝二位幸福. May you succeed! 祝你成功! 4.否定疑問句用作感嘆句時,它的意義是肯定的;但肯定疑問句用作感嘆句在美國英語中比較常見. Aren’t they sweet! 他們多可愛啊! Am I hungry! 我餓極了! 5.一些短語用作感嘆句. Dear me! 哎呀! My goodness! 噯呀! None of your nonsense! 不要胡說了! 6.一些作表語的成分用作感嘆句. Just my luck! 又倒霉了! Sorry, my mistake! 對不起,是我的錯! 感嘆句如何變?yōu)殚g接引語 直接引語是感嘆句時,若要變作間接引語,通常用引述動詞tell, exclaim等.如: ■ “What a brave boy you are!” she told him. “你是一個多么勇敢的男孩子啊!”她告訴他說. →She told him what a brave boy he wag. 她告訴他說他是一個多么勇敢的男孩子. ■He said, “Hurrah! My friend is come.” 他說道,“烏拉!我的朋友來了.” →He exclaimed with delight that his friend had come. 他歡呼他的朋友來了.(引述動詞用exclaim, 并加狀語with delight) 當然,也可用其他一些引述動詞.如: ■He said, “Alas! How foolish I have been!” 他說道,“哎,我多傻啊!” →He confessed with regret that he had been very foolish. 他痛悔地承認他太傻了.(引述動詞用confess加狀語with regret) ■“What a crime he has committed!” she said. “他犯了多大的罪啊!”她說道. →She didn’t know what a crime he had committed. 她不知道他犯了那么大的罪.(引述動詞用know的否定式) 有時也可以不用引述動詞,如: ■“How fast she can run!” he says. “她競能跑得那樣快!”他說道. →It’s incredible how fast she can run. 她跑得如此之快令人不可置信.(用it’s incredible表示說話人的神情) ■He said to them all, “Good-bye, my friends!” 他對他們說道,“再見,我的朋友們!” →He bade good-bye to all his friends. 他向他的所有朋友道別.(這里連間接引語也沒有了) 關(guān)于感嘆句 what 和 how 的區(qū)別: 一、 由'what'引導的感嘆句:'what'意為'多么'用作定語,修飾名詞(被強調(diào)部分),單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前要加不定冠詞a/an,復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞.這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是: what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主語+謂語+(it is). 如: ① What a clever girl she is! 多么聰明的姑娘呀! 二、由'how'引導的感嘆句:'how'意為'多么',用作狀語,修飾形容詞或副詞(被強調(diào)部分).如果修飾形容詞,則句中的謂語動詞用系動詞;如果how修飾副詞,則句中的謂語動詞用行為動詞,這類句子的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是: How+adj.(adv.)+主語+謂語+(it is). 如:① How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀! 三、在表示同一意義時,英語感嘆既可用'what'引導,也可用'how'引導.如: ?、?What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 四、感嘆句在表示激動強烈的感情時,口語中常常采用省略句,其后面的主語和謂語往往略去不講. 如:① What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀! |
|