高中英語語法之數(shù)詞的用法講解

大隆龍 2017-04-04

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高中英語語法之數(shù)詞的用法講解

一.基數(shù)詞: 表示數(shù)目的數(shù)詞

1.兩位數(shù): 幾十和個位數(shù)之間加連詞號, 如: twenty-three, forty-seven, ninety-six

2.三位數(shù)的讀法: 第一個數(shù)字 hundred and 后面的一位或兩位數(shù)字, 如: 101讀作one hundred and one, 864讀作eight hundred and sixty-four

3.四位數(shù)和四位以上數(shù)字的讀法: 阿拉伯數(shù)字每三位為一段, 從后往前用逗號分開, 每個逗號處所用的數(shù)詞分別為: thousand, million, billion, 如: 21,634,755讀作twenty-one million six hundred and thirty-four thousand seven hundred and fifty-five. 注意: 讀這樣的數(shù)時, 只在hundred一詞后加and

4.hundred, thousand, million, billion表示具體數(shù)目時都不用復數(shù)形式, 但它們的復數(shù)形式可以用于一些詞組中, 如: hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, billions of.

5.數(shù)詞dozen, score的用法與hundred, thousand等相同

二.序數(shù)詞: 表示數(shù)目順序的詞

1.序數(shù)詞一般是由基數(shù)詞加th構(gòu)成, 序數(shù)詞前一定要加the, 如: the seventh, the thirteenth, the one hundredth

2.以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞時, 先把y變?yōu)閕, 再加eth, 如: the twentieth, the fortieth, the fiftieth, the eightieth

3.大于二十的基數(shù)詞對應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞, 只將末位數(shù)變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞, 前面的其他位數(shù)仍用基數(shù)詞, 如: 第532讀作five hundred and thirty-second

4.不規(guī)則的序數(shù)詞如下: the first, the second, the third, the fifth, the eighth, the ninth, the twelfth

三.數(shù)詞的用法:

1.編號的事物可用序數(shù)詞或基數(shù)詞加名詞構(gòu)成, 如: the fourth lesson =lesson four, the fifteenth page =page fifteen, the ninth part =part nine

2.編號的事物若數(shù)字較大, 一般用基數(shù)詞放在名詞后面來表示, 名詞前一般不用定冠詞, 如: room 302, page 215, No. 101 middle school

3.在表示年月日時, 年用基數(shù)詞, 日用序數(shù)詞, 年的讀法是, 從后往前, 將年份分成兩位一段, 依次讀出每一段即可, 如: April 5,1976 讀作April (the) fifth, nineteen seventy-six; October 1, 1949讀作October the first, nineteen forty-nine; 年份1905讀作nineteen hundred and five; 年份1800讀作eighteen hundred; 年份2000讀作year two thousand; 年份502 B.C.讀作five o two B C; 年份A.D. 620讀作six twenty A D

4.表示時間時用基數(shù)詞:

①.表示幾點整的說法: It is five (o’clock)

②.表示幾點過幾分的說法: 若不超過30分鐘, 用past表示過幾分; 若超過30分鐘, 用to表示差多少分到幾點, 如: 3:05 =five past three, 5:20 =twenty past five; 8:35 =twenty-five to nine; 12:50 =ten to one

③.表示幾刻鐘的說法, 如: a quarter, three quarters

④.表示上午,下午某時間, 如: 8:00 a.m., 4:15 p.m.

⑤.時刻也用24小時制讀法, 只須依次讀出點鐘數(shù)和分鐘數(shù), 整點鐘時, 需在最后加讀hundred ( hours), 如: 18:45讀作eighteen forty-five, 18:00讀作eighteen hundred ( hours ), 以上提到的3:05, 5:20, 8:35分別也可讀作three five, five twenty, eight thirty-five

5.表示加減乘除的說法: 數(shù)學運算的加減乘分別用plus, minus, times, divided by表示

a. How much is fifteen plus two?

b. How much is eight minus seven?

c. How much is twelve times twelve?

d. How much is eighty-one divided by nine?

e. Five plus three is / equals eight.

f. Five minus three equals / leaves two.

g. Five times three makes / is fifteen.

h. Fifteen divided by three equals five.十五除以三等于五

6.表示倍數(shù)的說法:

a. This room is three times bigger than that one.

b. The dictionary is four times thicker than that book.

c. The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.

7.表示百分比的說法: 基數(shù)詞 percent

8.有些基數(shù)詞可以構(gòu)成固定詞組, 如: one by one, twos and threes三三兩兩

9.基數(shù)詞可以與度量單位連用: twenty meters deep, ten meters long, one hundred yards

10.分數(shù)的表示法: 分子用基數(shù)詞, 分母用序數(shù)詞, 若分子大于1, 則分母用序數(shù)詞的復數(shù)形式, 如: one third, two tenths, two thirds. 有些分數(shù)可以用half, quarter表示, 如: three quarters

11.小數(shù): 小數(shù)點讀作point, 小數(shù)點前面的數(shù)字讀作一個完整的基數(shù)詞, 小數(shù)點后面的每位數(shù)字依次用基數(shù)詞讀出, 如: 3.4讀作three point four, 0.2讀作zero point two, 8.97讀作eight point nine seven

12.某些數(shù)字的讀法與寫法, 如: $10.20讀作ten dollars and twenty cents; 35Ｏ讀作thirty-five degree; -20Ｏ讀作twenty degree below zero或minus twenty degree; Napoleon III讀作Napoleon the third; World War II讀作World War two或the second world war.

13.年齡的表示方法:

a. The boy is ten years old.

b. The boy is at the age of ten.

c. He is a ten-year-old boy.

d. The boy is of ten years.

14. in one’s 整十數(shù)的復數(shù)形式, 表示“在某人幾十多歲的時候”, 如:

a. He became famous in his thirties.

15. in the 1930s / 1930’s表示“在二十世紀三十年代”

16. 序數(shù)詞前一般要用the, 但表示“又一,再一”的概念時, 序數(shù)詞前也可以用a / an

a. They plan to buy a second house. 他們計劃再買第二房子

四.選擇使用數(shù)字或文字表示數(shù)的場合:

1.一般來說, 兩位數(shù)以內(nèi)的數(shù)目用文字表示, 超過兩位數(shù)的數(shù)目用數(shù)字, 如: