本篇和我之前發(fā)的《極簡英語語法，一圖囊括所有》相呼應(yīng)，是其中一個(gè)分支的詳解。

簡單句在總圖中的位置如下：

賓語從句其實(shí)就是把一個(gè)從句（一個(gè)功能齊全的簡單句或復(fù)合句）嵌入一個(gè)簡單句里。例如：

I declare that my work is original. 我宣布我的作品是原創(chuàng)的。

其實(shí)主句是 I declare something。這個(gè)someting是從句 my work is original， 一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。

例句就是把一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的從句嵌入主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句里。

可以充當(dāng)賓語的從句類型

陳述句

一般疑問句（從句中必須是陳述句語序，非疑問句）

• I wonder whether/if Jim is at home.

• I wonder whether tomorrow is a good time to visit her.

特殊疑問句（從句中必須是陳述句語序，非疑問句）

• He didn't tell me when we shall meet again.

• She always thinks of how she improve her work.

• She will give whoever needs help a warm support.

• Can you tell me who the beauty is?

三種基本類型

動(dòng)賓從句

有些動(dòng)詞可直接連接賓語從句，如 believe，admit，consider，dream，promise, declare 等, 基本所有及物動(dòng)詞都能這么用

• I declare that my work is original.

• I do not admit that I have cheated.

• They informed me that I have been promoted.

• I promise you that I will finish this work within a month.

• I promise that I will never break my words.

用it做形式賓語, find, feel, consider, make, believe, think等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候

• I think it necessary that we take measures to reduced green house emission.

• I have make it clear that you are not welcomed here.

• We take it that you will agree with us.

介賓從句

很多動(dòng)詞和介詞搭配使用，如 depends on, surprised at

• Whether you can succeed depends on how hard you try.

• He was not conscious of what a big mistake he had made.

• I am surprised at what you said.

介詞賓語一般不跟that，只有在固定搭配時(shí)例外，如in that，except that, but that, save that等

• He is different from others in that he is brave.

• I know nothing about him except that he killed the dragon.

• Your outlook is perfect except that your shoes are dirty.

形賓從句

形容詞有動(dòng)詞的意思, sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised

• I am sorry I am late

• I am not sure this is your true intention.

• We are glad you are one of us now.

幾種特殊規(guī)則

用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

• Whether this is true or not, I really don't know.

• Whether you like me or not, I really don't care.

不能省略引導(dǎo)詞that的狀況

從句是直接賓語

• She told me that the match has been concealed.

• I can't let him know that his mother is ill

多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句，后面的that不可省略

• Mama said (that) you are an angel and that she will not allow anyone to hurt you.

• We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. 我們認(rèn)為這些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物者賦予他們?nèi)舾刹豢蓜儕Z的權(quán)利，其中包括生命權(quán)、自由權(quán)和追求幸福的權(quán)利?！?jīng)典例句，來自獨(dú)立宣言。

謂語和that之間有插入語

• I noticed, for the first time, that she was not the girl I want.

it 做形式賓語時(shí)

• I think it necessary that we hold a meeting to solve this problem.

That前置的強(qiáng)調(diào)句

• That he is stupid is known to everyone.

否定轉(zhuǎn)移

主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess時(shí)，從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)到主句

• I don't think (that) you are right.

• I don't know (that) you are coming. otherwise I would have picked you up at this airport.

主從句時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系

主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句影響

主句為過去時(shí)

• 表示同時(shí)主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生：從句用一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí) She said she was playing video games.

• 動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前：從句用過去完成時(shí) He didn't know what they had come here for.

• 動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后：過去將來時(shí) He told me he would spend his holidays with his girl friend.

如果從句是客觀真理，它不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響

I knew that the earth goes around the sun.