How Could India Participate in ISS?

印度如何得以參與進(jìn)國際空間站計劃項目？

Sanman
This is just a hypothetical discussion thread - how could India participate in ISS, if all parties were agreeable to it?

本帖只是想做場異想天開的假設(shè)性討論——如果參與該計劃的各國都同意了，印度該如何參與到國際空間站計劃？

I'd read that the recent attempt in the US Congress to extend ISS funding from 2024 to 2030 didn't quite make it, but that doesn't mean it won't get approved on some later bill. So on the assumption that ISS funding is approved to 2030 or beyond, could there be some opportunity/scope for India to get involved in the International Space Station?

我有讀到稱美國國會最近試圖延長資助國際空間站計劃的提案（從2024年延至2030年，）并未成功，但這并不意味著該提案在今后的法案中不會獲得通過。所以假設(shè)一下，美國對國際空間站計劃的資助被批準(zhǔn)到2030年或更久以后，印度是否有機(jī)會或余地參與到國際空間站計劃？

In what ways could India participate - in what capacity and what kind of missions?
Could it be crewed missions?
Could there also be resupply missions?

印度能憑借何種方式參與——具備怎樣的能力以及展開怎樣的任務(wù)？會是載人登月任務(wù)嗎？還是補(bǔ)給任務(wù)呢？

Would it even be possible for India to contribute a module to ISS? (After all, even Bigelow's done it)
If India can make a crew capsule, then how much more complicated would it be to make a larger module? Perhaps if it were based on a similar approach as TransHab, it could be launched on an uprated GSLV-Mk3 and still have some decent size/volume.

印度能做到向國際空間站貢獻(xiàn)出一個空間模塊嗎？（畢竟，比格羅航天公司就做到了。）如果印度能制造出乘員太空艙，那么制造一個更大的無人太空艙會有多復(fù)雜？也許如果其是以類似TransHab的方式進(jìn)行，那么其能隨提高了推力的GSLV-MK3型運(yùn)載火箭發(fā)射，且現(xiàn)在空間/容量仍夠足。

RonM
Since a crew capsule is a priority, India should be able to take crew to ISS relatively soon. Same capsule could be converted for cargo. Like Dragon and Dragon 2.

因能制造出乘員太空艙是當(dāng)務(wù)之急，屆時印度應(yīng)該能在相對較短的時間里實現(xiàn)載人登國際空間站。而此太空艙還能改裝成貨運(yùn)飛船，就像“天龍?zhí)枴憋w船和第二代載人龍飛船。

Building a bigger cargo vehicle requires a large pressure vessel. Something like Cygnus. Then use it for a module.

建造一個更大的貨運(yùn)飛船要求具備更大的壓力容器。類似于“天鵝號”貨運(yùn)飛船，然后再將其用于空間模塊。

If India can't get the vehicles ready before ISS is decommissioned, then they can fly to the Chinese station or whatever commercial station replaces ISS.
Go ISRO!

如果印度不能在國際空間站退役前準(zhǔn)備好運(yùn)載火箭，那他們可以去中國的空間站或任何替代國際空間站的商業(yè)空間站。加油，印度空間研究組織！

Eric Hedman
I would imagine that the first opportunity could be to send someone from India up on a commercial crew flight for a stay and bring some experiments to try.  Dragon and CST-100 can bring more people than Soyuz so there may be some extra seats.  How the training and financial arrangements could be worked out is anyone's guess until some one from the US or India proposes it.  It would probably take a while to certify any capsule from India as safe to dock so I don't think that would be quick.

我猜想第一個機(jī)會可能是印度遣人搭商業(yè)載員飛行暫時逗留段時間，帶回一些實驗以試驗?！疤忑?zhí)枴憋w船和CST-100太空艙能比聯(lián)盟號宇宙飛船載更多人，所以可能還有余些座位。在美國或印度有人提議之前，如何培訓(xùn)以及財務(wù)如何安排眾說紛紜。而且要證明印度制造的太空艙是安全可靠的可能要花一段時間，所以我覺得這事不會這么快就發(fā)生。

Sanman
So GSLV-Mk3 is supposed to have a payload-to-LEO capacity of up to ~8000kg. Meanwhile Cygnus has a mass of ~3400-3750kg, able to carry additional payload capacity of ~2000-3500kg, for total payload of  ~5400-7250kg.
https://en./wiki/Cygnus_(spacecraft)

（回復(fù)網(wǎng)友RonM）所以GSLV-MK3型運(yùn)載火箭近地軌道有效載荷應(yīng)為8噸左右。同時“天鵝號”貨運(yùn)飛船總質(zhì)量為3.-3.75噸，能攜帶額外物資2-3.5噸種，所以總載荷為5.4-7.25噸。

Since HAL builds the Crew capsules, then presumably they could be the one to manufacture a pressure-vessel cargo module. Capsules and cargo modules would have to be fitted with International Docking Adapter:
https://en./wiki/International_Docking_Adapter

既然是印度斯坦航空公司建的太空艙，那么可以由此推斷其是能制造帶有壓力容器的貨物艙的。太空艙和貨物艙都必須裝上國際對接適配器：

Perhaps ISRO would also first have to carry out the SPADEX experiment for Rendezvous-and-Docking, unless somehow all the other countries were amenable to allowing ISRO to test-demonstrate its capsule's ability to safely approach the station and get berthed through the Canadarm, as was done with Dragon.

可能印度空間研究組織首先還必須進(jìn)行SPADEX的交會和對接試驗，除非其他國家都允許印度空間研究組織測試其太空艙能否安全抵達(dá)空間站，并通過加拿大機(jī)械臂成功停泊，正如“天龍?zhí)枴憋w船那般。

A.K.
Space Demonstrations are expected to start from this year.
  If appropriate funding is at place, I was wondering if India could go for its own space station in 2030s.

空間實驗預(yù)計從今年開始。如果資金有提供到位，我好奇印度能否在2030年左右建成自己的空間站。

Sanman
I'm not sure what you mean - which demonstrations are you referring to? According to ISRO chief's latest comments which I just posted in the other thread, the first (unmanned) capsule flights will start at the end of next year (2020):

（回復(fù)樓上）我不知道你在說什么——你說的是什么實驗？據(jù)印度空間研究組織主席最新的言論所稱，印度將在2020年底進(jìn)行第一次載人太空飛行。