基本思想：

利用X方向與Y方向分別實現(xiàn)一階微分，求取振幅，實現(xiàn)圖像梯度效果。關(guān)于如何計算圖像

一階微分參見這里：http://blog.csdn.net/jia20003/article/details/7562092

使用的兩種微分算子分別為Prewitt與Sobel，其中Soble在X, Y兩個方向算子分別為：

Prewitt在X, Y方向上梯度算子分別為：

二：程序思路及實現(xiàn)

梯度濾鏡提供了兩個參數(shù)：

– 方向，用來要決定圖像完成X方向梯度計算， Y方向梯度計算，或者是振幅計算

– 算子類型，用來決定是使用sobel算子或者是prewitt算子。

計算振幅的公式可以參見以前《圖像處理之一階微分應(yīng)用》的文章

 三：運行效果

原圖像如下：

基于Prewitt與sobel算子的XY方向振幅效果如下：

該濾鏡的源代碼如下：

package com.process.blur.study;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
/**
*
* @author gloomy-fish
* @date 2012-06-11
*
* prewitt operator
* X-direction
* -1, 0, 1
* -1, 0, 1
* -1, 0, 1
*
* Y-direction
* -1, -1, -1
*  0,  0,  0
*  1,  1,  1
*
* sobel operator
* X-direction
* -1, 0, 1
* -2, 0, 2
* -1, 0, 1
*
* Y-direction
* -1, -2, -1
*  0,  0,  0
*  1,  2,  1
*
*/
public class GradientFilter extends AbstractBufferedImageOp {
	// prewitt operator
	public final static int[][] PREWITT_X = new int[][]{{-1, 0, 1}, {-1, 0, 1}, {-1, 0, 1}};
	public final static int[][] PREWITT_Y = new int[][]{{-1, -1, -1}, {0,  0,  0}, {1,  1,  1}};
	// sobel operator
	public final static int[][] SOBEL_X = new int[][]{{-1, 0, 1}, {-2, 0, 2}, {-1, 0, 1}};
	public final static int[][] SOBEL_Y = new int[][]{{-1, -2, -1}, {0,  0,  0}, {1,  2,  1}};
	// direction parameter
	public final static int X_DIRECTION = 0;
	public final static int Y_DIRECTION = 2;
	public final static int XY_DIRECTION = 4;
	private int direction;
	private boolean isSobel;
	public GradientFilter() {
		direction = XY_DIRECTION;
		isSobel = true;
	}
	public void setSoble(boolean sobel) {
		this.isSobel = sobel;
	}
	public int getDirection() {
		return direction;
	}
	public void setDirection(int direction) {
		this.direction = direction;
	}
	@Override
	public BufferedImage filter(BufferedImage src, BufferedImage dest) {
		int width = src.getWidth();
int height = src.getHeight();
if (dest == null )
        	dest = createCompatibleDestImage( src, null );
int[] inPixels = new int[width*height];
int[] outPixels = new int[width*height];
getRGB( src, 0, 0, width, height, inPixels );
int index = 0, index2 = 0;
double xred = 0, xgreen = 0, xblue = 0;
double yred = 0, ygreen = 0, yblue = 0;
int newRow, newCol;
for(int row=0; row<height; row++) {
        	int ta = 255, tr = 0, tg = 0, tb = 0;
        	for(int col=0; col<width; col++) {
        		index = row * width + col;
        		for(int subrow = -1; subrow <= 1; subrow++) {
        			for(int subcol = -1; subcol <= 1; subcol++) {
        				newRow = row + subrow;
        				newCol = col + subcol;
        				if(newRow < 0 || newRow >= height) {
        					newRow = row;
        				}
        				if(newCol < 0 || newCol >= width) {
        					newCol = col;
        				}
        				index2 = newRow * width + newCol;
tr = (inPixels[index2] >> 16) & 0xff;
tg = (inPixels[index2] >> 8) & 0xff;
tb = inPixels[index2] & 0xff;
if(isSobel) {
                        	xred += (SOBEL_X[subrow + 1][subcol + 1] * tr);
                        	xgreen +=(SOBEL_X[subrow + 1][subcol + 1] * tg);
                        	xblue +=(SOBEL_X[subrow + 1][subcol + 1] * tb);
                        	yred += (SOBEL_Y[subrow + 1][subcol + 1] * tr);
                        	ygreen +=(SOBEL_Y[subrow + 1][subcol + 1] * tg);
                        	yblue +=(SOBEL_Y[subrow + 1][subcol + 1] * tb);
} else {
                        	xred += (PREWITT_X[subrow + 1][subcol + 1] * tr);
                        	xgreen +=(PREWITT_X[subrow + 1][subcol + 1] * tg);
                        	xblue +=(PREWITT_X[subrow + 1][subcol + 1] * tb);
                        	yred += (PREWITT_Y[subrow + 1][subcol + 1] * tr);
                        	ygreen +=(PREWITT_Y[subrow + 1][subcol + 1] * tg);
                        	yblue +=(PREWITT_Y[subrow + 1][subcol + 1] * tb);
}
        			}
        		}
double mred = Math.sqrt(xred * xred + yred * yred);
double mgreen = Math.sqrt(xgreen * xgreen + ygreen * ygreen);
double mblue = Math.sqrt(xblue * xblue + yblue * yblue);
if(XY_DIRECTION == direction)
{
                	outPixels[index] = (ta << 24) | (clamp((int)mred) << 16) | (clamp((int)mgreen) << 8) | clamp((int)mblue);
}
else if(X_DIRECTION == direction)
{
                	outPixels[index] = (ta << 24) | (clamp((int)yred) << 16) | (clamp((int)ygreen) << 8) | clamp((int)yblue);
}
else if(Y_DIRECTION == direction)
{
                	outPixels[index] = (ta << 24) | (clamp((int)xred) << 16) | (clamp((int)xgreen) << 8) | clamp((int)xblue);
}
else
{
                	// as default, always XY gradient
                	outPixels[index] = (ta << 24) | (clamp((int)mred) << 16) | (clamp((int)mgreen) << 8) | clamp((int)mblue);
}
// cleanup for next loop
newRow = newCol = 0;
xred = xgreen = xblue = 0;
yred = ygreen = yblue = 0;
        	}
}
setRGB(dest, 0, 0, width, height, outPixels );
return dest;
	}
	public static int clamp(int value) {
		return value < 0 ? 0 : (value > 255 ? 255 : value);
	}
}