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英語語法:數(shù)詞的詞形

 英語語法學習 2020-07-10

前幾期介紹了英語語法:哪些場合不用冠詞(一)? 和不用冠詞的場合(二)、數(shù)詞的用法。這一期學習英語語法:數(shù)詞的詞?

數(shù)詞,表示數(shù)量和順序的詞。數(shù)詞具有名詞性質(zhì),兼有形容詞性質(zhì)。

數(shù)詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩類,基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量,序數(shù)詞表示順序。

基數(shù)詞:one, two, four, …1, 2, 3……

序數(shù)詞:first, second, third,fourth…第一,第二,第三,第四……

數(shù)詞的詞形

基數(shù)詞

序數(shù)詞   可寫成

基數(shù)詞

序數(shù)詞   可寫成

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

one

two

three

four

five

six

seven

eight

nine

ten

first

second

third

fourth

fifth

sixth

seventh

eighth

ninth

tenth

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

7th

8th

9th

10th

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

eleven

twelve

thirteen

fourteen

fifteen

sixteen

seventeen

eighteen

nineteen

twenty

eleventh

twelfth

thirteenth

fourteenth

fifteenth

sixteenth

seventeenth

eighteenth

nineteenth

twentieth

11th

12th

13th

14th

15th

16th

17th

18th

19th

20th

英語數(shù)詞的構成很有規(guī)律性:

1)13-19的基數(shù)詞在個位數(shù)上加-teen構成,-teen是10之意。

thirteen,fourteen, fifteen

2)20-90的各十位整數(shù)都以ty結尾。

twenty,thirty, forty,sixty, seventy,eighty, ninety

3)21-99的個位數(shù)同1-9的個位數(shù),在十位和個位之間加連字號“-”

twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four…

thirty-one, forty-one, fifty-one, …ninety-nine

4)三位數(shù)數(shù)詞的百位和十位(沒十位則和個位)之間要加and。

178 one hundred and seventy-eight

890 eight hundred and ninety-six

907 nine hundred and seven

990 nine hundred and ninety

5)在數(shù)字超過4位數(shù)時,每3位標一個“,”,以方便念。

2,121

8,023,286

9, 8 7 6, 5 4 3, 2 1 8

↑    ↑     ↑

billion million thousand

十億  百萬   千

5)注意英語中沒有“萬,十萬”的專門數(shù)詞,必須把萬念成10個千,十萬念成100個千。初學者常在這兩處念錯。

26,000 應該念成twenty-six thousand

769,323應該念成seven hundred sixty-nine thousand three hundred and twenty-three

6)序數(shù)詞除first, second, third外,其余都是在基數(shù)詞后面加th上。

fourth, sixth, seventh, twenty-first,thirty-second…

注意十位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞,要先 改y為ie再加th,千萬別讓中間長出腳y來!

感謝閱讀!

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