轉(zhuǎn)載自公號(hào)《信息正義》

周一（10月23日），美國前總統(tǒng)巴拉克·奧巴馬 (Barack Obama)就巴以局勢在Medium上發(fā)表了一份長篇書面聲明。

在聲明中，奧巴馬支持喬·拜登總統(tǒng)的行動(dòng)，同時(shí)呼吁以色列更加克制。這不僅僅是出于道義，他也認(rèn)為這樣做才能最終增強(qiáng)以色列的長期安全。

他理解在處理這一異常復(fù)雜的局勢時(shí)，處于痛苦之中的人們表現(xiàn)出高漲激烈的情緒。而重要的是：我們所有人都需要盡最大努力展示我們最好的價(jià)值觀，而不是我們最壞的恐懼。

關(guān)于以色列和加沙的思考

本文由非營利調(diào)查新聞編輯室“Information Justice（信息正義）”翻譯。歡迎轉(zhuǎn)載、分享、轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)

文：Barak Obama

譯：溪邊愚人

編：新約客

It’s been 17 days since Hamas launched its horrific attack against Israel, killing over 1,400 Israeli citizens, including defenseless women, children and the elderly. In the aftermath of such unspeakable brutality, the U.S. government and the American people have shared in the grief of families, prayed for the return of loved ones, and rightly declared solidarity with the Israeli people.

哈馬斯對(duì)以色列發(fā)動(dòng)駭人聽聞的襲擊，殺害了1400多名以色列公民，其中包括手無寸鐵的婦女、兒童和老人，距今已有17天。

在這種言語無法形容的暴行發(fā)生后，美國政府和美國人民與受害者家人同悲，為親人的歸來祈禱，并理所當(dāng)然地宣布聲援以色列人民。

As I stated in an earlier post, Israel has a right to defend its citizens against such wanton violence, and I fully support President Biden’s call for the United States to support our long-time ally in going after Hamas, dismantling its military capabilities, and facilitating the safe return of hundreds of hostages to their families.

正如我在早些時(shí)候的一篇文章中所說，以色列有權(quán)保護(hù)其公民免受這種肆無忌憚的暴力，我完全支持拜登總統(tǒng)呼吁美國支持我們的長期盟友追擊哈馬斯，摧毀其軍事能力，并幫助數(shù)百名人質(zhì)安全返回家人身邊。

But even as we support Israel, we should also be clear that how Israel prosecutes this fight against Hamas matters. In particular, it matters — as President Biden has repeatedly emphasized — that Israel’s military strategy abides by international law, including those laws that seek to avoid, to every extent possible, the death or suffering of civilian populations. Upholding these values is important for its own sake — because it is morally just and reflects our belief in the inherent value of every human life. Upholding these values is also vital for building alliances and shaping international opinion — all of which are critical for Israel’s long-term security.

但是，即使在支持以色列的同時(shí)，我們也應(yīng)當(dāng)明確，以色列開展這場打擊哈馬斯的斗爭如何去做是有關(guān)系的。

特別重要的是，正如拜登總統(tǒng)一再強(qiáng)調(diào)的那樣，以色列的軍事戰(zhàn)略必須遵守國際法，包括那些尋求盡可能避免平民死亡或痛苦的法律。

維護(hù)這些價(jià)值觀對(duì)以色列自身就很重要——因?yàn)樗诘懒x上是公正的，反映了我們對(duì)每個(gè)人生命固有價(jià)值的信念。

堅(jiān)持這些價(jià)值觀對(duì)于建立聯(lián)盟和形成國際輿論也至關(guān)重要——所有這些對(duì)于以色列的長期安全都至關(guān)重要。

This is an enormously difficult task. War is always tragic, and even the most carefully planned military operations often put civilians at risk. As President Biden noted during his recent visit to Israel, America itself has at times fallen short of our higher values when engaged in war, and in the aftermath of 9/11, the U.S. government wasn’t interested in heeding the advice of even our allies when it came to the steps we took to protect ourselves against Al Qaeda. Now, after the systematic massacre of Israeli citizens, a massacre that evokes some of the darkest memories of persecution against the Jewish people, it’s understandable that many Israelis have demanded that their government do whatever it takes to root out Hamas and make sure such attacks never happen again. Moreover, Hamas’ military operations are deeply embedded within Gaza — and its leadership seems to intentionally hide among civilians, thereby endangering the very people they claim to represent.

這是一項(xiàng)極其艱巨的任務(wù)。戰(zhàn)爭總是悲慘的，即使是最精心策劃的軍事行動(dòng)也常常會(huì)使平民處于危險(xiǎn)之中。

正如拜登總統(tǒng)在最近訪問以色列時(shí)指出的那樣，美國本身在參與戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)有時(shí)也未能踐行我們的崇高價(jià)值觀，在911事件之后，美國政府甚至對(duì)我們的盟友就我們?yōu)楸Ｗo(hù)自己免受基地組織襲擊而采取的措施提出的建議也不屑一顧。

現(xiàn)在，在以色列公民遭到有計(jì)劃的屠殺之后——這場屠殺喚起了人們對(duì)猶太民族遭受迫害的最黑暗記憶——許多以色列人要求他們的政府不惜一切代價(jià)鏟除哈馬斯，確保此類襲擊不再發(fā)生，這是可以理解的。

此外，哈馬斯的軍事行動(dòng)深深扎根于加沙地帶——其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層似乎有意隱藏在平民之中，從而危及他們聲稱代表的人民。

Still, the world is watching closely as events in the region unfold, and any Israeli military strategy that ignores the human costs could ultimately backfire. Already, thousands of Palestinians have been killed in the bombing of Gaza, many of them children. Hundreds of thousands have been forced from their homes. The Israeli government’s decision to cut off food, water and electricity to a captive civilian population threatens not only to worsen a growing humanitarian crisis; it could further harden Palestinian attitudes for generations, erode global support for Israel, play into the hands of Israel’s enemies, and undermine long term efforts to achieve peace and stability in the region.

盡管如此，全世界都在密切關(guān)注著該地區(qū)事態(tài)的發(fā)展，任何忽視人類代價(jià)的以色列軍事戰(zhàn)略最終都可能適得其反。

已經(jīng)有數(shù)千名巴勒斯坦人在對(duì)加沙的轟炸中喪生，其中許多是兒童。數(shù)十萬人被迫離開家園。

以色列政府決定切斷被困平民的食物、水和電，這不僅有可能加劇日益嚴(yán)重的人道主義危機(jī)，還可能使巴勒斯坦人的態(tài)度世世代代更加強(qiáng)硬，削弱全球?qū)σ陨械闹С帧?/span>

這正中以色列敵人的下懷，破壞該地區(qū)實(shí)現(xiàn)和平與穩(wěn)定的長期努力。

It’s therefore important that those of us supporting Israel in its time of need encourage a strategy that can incapacitate Hamas while minimizing further civilian casualties. Israel’s recent shift to allow relief trucks into Gaza, prompted in part by the Biden administration’s behind-the-scenes diplomacy, is an encouraging step, but we need to continue lead the international community in accelerating critical aid and supplies to an increasingly desperate Gaza population. And while the prospects of future peace may seem more distant than ever, we should call on all of the key actors in the region to engage with those Palestinian leaders and organizations that recognize Israel’s right to exist to begin articulating a viable pathway for Palestinians to achieve their legitimate aspirations for self-determination — because that is the best and perhaps only way to achieve the lasting peace and security most Israeli and Palestinian families yearn for.

因此，在以色列需要幫助的時(shí)候，我們這些支持以色列的人必須鼓勵(lì)采取一種既能使哈馬斯喪失能力，又能盡量減少更多平民傷亡的戰(zhàn)略。

以色列最近允許救援卡車進(jìn)入加沙——部分歸功于拜登政府的幕后外交——是令人鼓舞的一步，但我們需要繼續(xù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國際社會(huì)加快向日益絕望的加沙民眾提供關(guān)鍵援助和物資。

雖然未來和平的前景似乎比以往任何時(shí)候都更加遙遠(yuǎn)，但我們應(yīng)當(dāng)呼吁該地區(qū)所有關(guān)鍵參與方與那些承認(rèn)以色列生存權(quán)的巴勒斯坦領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和組織接觸，開始為巴勒斯坦人實(shí)現(xiàn)其合法的自決愿望闡明一條可行的道路——

因?yàn)檫@是實(shí)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)以色列和巴勒斯坦家庭所渴望的持久和平與安全的最佳或許也是唯一的途徑。

Finally, in dealing with what is an extraordinarily complex situation where so many people are in pain and passions are understandably running high, all of us need to do our best to put our best values, rather than our worst fears, on display.

最后，在處理這一異常復(fù)雜的局勢時(shí)，許多人都處于痛苦之中，情緒高漲是可以理解的，我們所有人都需要盡最大努力展示我們最好的價(jià)值觀，而不是我們最壞的恐懼。

That means actively opposing anti-semitism in all its forms, everywhere. It means rejecting efforts to minimize the terrible tragedy that the Israeli people have just endured, as well as the morally-bankrupt suggestion that any cause can somehow justify the deliberate slaughter of innocent people.

這意味著在任何地方都要積極反對(duì)一切形式的反猶主義。

這意味著拒絕試圖淡化以色列人民剛剛經(jīng)歷的可怕悲劇的努力，

也意味著拒絕那種道義淪喪的說法，拒絕把任何一種“原因”當(dāng)成蓄意屠殺無辜人民的“理由”。

It means rejecting anti-Muslim, anti-Arab or anti-Palestinian sentiment. It means refusing to lump all Palestinians with Hamas or other terrorist groups. It means guarding against dehumanizing language towards the people of Gaza, or downplaying Palestinian suffering — whether in Gaza or the West Bank — as irrelevant or illegitimate.

這意味著反對(duì)反穆斯林、反阿拉伯或反巴勒斯坦的情緒。

這意味著拒絕將所有巴勒斯坦人與哈馬斯或其他組織恐怖混為一談。

這意味著避免對(duì)加沙人民使用非人化的語言，或?qū)屠账固谷说目嚯y——無論是在加沙還是西岸——淡化為無關(guān)緊要或沒有法律意義的。

It means recognizing that Israel has every right to exist; that the Jewish people have claim to a secure homeland where they have ancient historical roots; and that there have been instances in which previous Israeli governments made meaningful efforts to resolve the dispute and provide a path for a two-state solution — efforts that were ultimately rebuffed by the other side.

這意味著承認(rèn)以色列擁有生存的一切權(quán)利；

承認(rèn)猶太人民對(duì)他們擁有古老歷史淵源的安全家園的主張；

承認(rèn)以色列歷屆政府曾經(jīng)為解決爭端和提供兩國解決方案的途徑做出過有意義的努力——但這些努力最終遭到了對(duì)方的拒絕。

It means acknowledging that Palestinians have also lived in disputed territories for generations; that many of them were not only displaced when Israel was formed but continue to be forcibly displaced by a settler movement that too often has received tacit or explicit support from the Israeli government; that Palestinian leaders who’ve been willing to make concessions for a two-state solution have too often had little to show for their efforts; and that it is possible for people of good will to champion Palestinian rights and oppose certain Israeli government policies in the West Bank and Gaza without being anti-semitic.

這意味著承認(rèn)巴勒斯坦人也世世代代生活在這片有爭議的領(lǐng)土上；他們中的許多人不僅在以色列建國時(shí)流離失所，而且繼續(xù)被定居者運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)迫流離失所，而定居者運(yùn)動(dòng)往往得到以色列政府的默許或明確支持；

那些愿意為兩國解決方案做出讓步的巴勒斯坦領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人沒有表現(xiàn)出其努力；

善意的人們有可能支持巴勒斯坦人的權(quán)利，反對(duì)以色列政府在約旦河西岸和加沙的某些政策，而不會(huì)成為反猶太主義者。

Perhaps most of all, it means we should choose not to always assume the worst in those with whom we disagree. In an age of constant rancor, trolling and misinformation on social media, at a time when so many politicians and attention seekers see an advantage in shedding heat rather than light, it may be unrealistic to expect respectful dialogue on any issue — much less on an issue with such high stakes and after so much blood has been spilled. But if we care about keeping open the possibility of peace, security and dignity for future generations of Israeli and Palestinian children — as well as for our own children — then it falls upon all of us to at least make the effort to model, in our own words and actions, the kind of world we want them to inherit.

也許最重要的是，這意味著我們不應(yīng)該總是從最壞的角度去想那些與我們意見相左的人。

在社交媒體上不斷出現(xiàn)謾罵、嘲弄和誤導(dǎo)的時(shí)代，在許多政客和追求關(guān)注的人更在意利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)制造熱度而不是提供光明的時(shí)代，期望在任何問題上進(jìn)行相互尊重的對(duì)話都可能是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的，更不用說在一個(gè)關(guān)系如此重大、已經(jīng)流了那么多血的問題上。

但是，如果我們關(guān)心為以色列和巴勒斯坦的后代——以及我們自己的后代——保持和平、安全和尊嚴(yán)的可能性，那么我們所有人都有責(zé)任至少做出努力，用我們自己的言行來示范我們希望他們繼承的那種世界。

在聲明的末尾，奧巴馬給了“有關(guān)（巴以）沖突的一些有用觀點(diǎn)和背景的鏈接”：

● Israel Is About to Make a Terrible Mistake