一、直接引語&間接引語的概念

（一）認(rèn)識直接引語和間接引語

【直接引語】說話人直接引用別人的原話，要打引號

【間接引語】說話人用自己的話把別人的意思轉(zhuǎn)述出來，不用打引號。間接引語大多數(shù)時候以賓語從句的形式出現(xiàn)。

①Tom said,' I'm afraid that I can't catch the train.'（直接引語）

②Tom said that he was afraid that he couldn't catch the train.

（間接引語）

二、四個變化【人稱/時態(tài)/狀語/語序】

（一）人稱變化

總結(jié)：

一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不變化

?1.一隨主

??直接引語中的第一人稱根據(jù)間接引語中的主語作相應(yīng)的變化。如：

She said, 'Ilove swimming very much.'

She said that sheloved swimming very much.

她說她非常喜歡游泳。

He said, ' Wewill go to school next Monday.'

He said that theywould go to school next Monday.

他說他們下星期也將去上學(xué)。

?2.二隨賓

??直接引語中的第二人稱根據(jù)間接引語中的主句的賓語作相應(yīng)的變化。如：

Tom asked me, “Are youa teacher? ”

Tom asked me if Iwas a teacher.

湯姆問我是否是一名老師。

?3.第三人稱不變化

??直接引語中的第三人稱在間接引語中不發(fā)生變化。如：

Bill said, “She is my elder sister. ”

Bill said that she was his elder sister.

比爾說她是他的姐姐。

（二）時態(tài)變化

總結(jié)如下：

Sophie said,' I often get up at 7 o'clock.'

Sophie said that she often got up at 7 o'clock.蘇菲說她經(jīng)常是7點起床。

My mother answered,' I am watching movies at the theatre.'

My mother answered that she was watching movies at the theater.

我媽媽回答到她正在電影院看電影。

Anna said ，'I have been in Chongqing for 10 years.'

And said that she had been in Chongqing for 10 years.

安娜說她在重慶已經(jīng)待了10年了。

Lucy told me，' I had a hot pot with my boyfriend last night.'

Lucy told me that she had had a hot pot with her boyfriend the night before .

露西告訴我，她昨晚和她男朋友吃了火鍋。

Tom said，' I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow .'

Tom said that he would meet me at the school gate tomorrow the day after.

湯姆說他明天早晨會和我在學(xué)校門口碰面。

（三）指示代詞，時間/地點狀語變化

??指示代詞：

this ?? that

these ?? those

??地點狀語：

here ?? there

??時間狀語：

now ??then

today ?? that day

tonight ?? that night

this week ?? that week

yeasterday ?? the day before

last week ?? the week before

ago ?? before

tomorrow ?? the day after

next week ?? the week next

??????

還要記?。?/strong>

come ?? go

bring ?? take

（四）語序變化

【1】如果直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時，引導(dǎo)詞用that，但在口語中通常省略，時態(tài)、人稱和狀語都應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的變化。如：

Betty said, “I am going to buy a bike tomorrow. ”

Betty said (that) she was going to buy a bike the next day.

貝蒂說她第二天要買一輛自行車。

【2】如果間接引語是一般疑問句，要用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)，后面用陳述語序，時態(tài)、人稱和狀語都應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的變化

The teacher asked me, “Can you swim? ”→

The teacher asked me whether (if) I could swim.

老師問我是否會游泳。

【3】如果直接引語是特殊疑問句，要用相應(yīng)的疑問詞who, whom, whose, how, when等引導(dǎo)，助動詞do, does或did要舍棄，并把疑問語序改為陳述語序

My father asked ，' How do you go to the museum?'→

My father asked me how I go to the museum.

My teacher asked ，'Where did you go?'→

My teacher asked me where I went.

【4】如果直接引語是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時多用“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，否定句在to前面加not; 引述動詞常用ask“請求”，tell“告訴”，order“命令”等

“Please sit down. ” Miss Zhou said to me.→

Miss Zhou asked me to sit down.

周老師請我坐下。

“Don’t make any noise. ”my mother told us.→

My mother told us not to make any noise.媽媽告訴我們別出聲。

練習(xí)

一、將所給直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，每空一詞：1. “I never eat meat,” he said. He said that ______ never ______ meat.2. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.3. “I took it home with me,” she said. She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ met her the day ______.6. “You must come here before five,” he said.He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago,” he said.He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there.10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______. 參考答案：1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. rises, goes 5. told, had, before 6. had, there 7. had, before 8. asked, if ,before 9. told, could 10. how, she, had 11. where, I, had, those 12. if/ whether, I, lived

二、單選題

1. He asked ________ for the violin.

A. did I pay how much

B. I paid how much

C. how much did I pay

D. how much I paid

2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _________.

A. who is he B. who he is

C. who is it D. who it is

3. Can you tell me ________?

A. how good is his spoken English

B. how well his spoken English is

C. how well he speaks English

D. how good he can speak English

4. He said that he had bought the jacket ________.

A. before three days

B. three days before

C. three days ago D. last week

5. Did you say_________?

A. that what he said was true

B. that it was true that he said

C. what did he say was true

D. what he said it was true

6. Please tell me ________ from.

A. where do you come

B. where you come

C. where you will come

D. there you come

7. Ask her ________ come with us.

A. if she willB. if or not she will

C. that if she willD. whether will she

8. She said what a lovely day it _________.

A. is B. was C. has been D. will be

9. —What did she ask you?

—________ she could get to the zoo.

A. Why B. That C. Where D. How

10. John _______ me he was going to help me with my English.

A. explained B. spoke C. told D. said

11. —Mother，the boy is very naughty.

—What did the girl say just now?

—She ________very naughty.

A．said her mother that the boy was B．said to her mother that the boy is

C．told her mother that the boy was D．spoke to her mother that the boy was

12. —Fred, you’ve already got well，haven’t you?

(No answer.)

—Fred, Mrs. White asked ________.

A．if you have already got well, hadn’t you

B．whether you had already got well

C．have I already got well

D．had I already got well

13. Looking at me up and down, he asked me________.

A．a(chǎn)m I a music teacher or a singer B．was I a music teacher or a singer

C．whether I was a music teacher or a singer

D．whether was I a music teacher or a singer

14. The young man asked me ________ with me.

A．what the matter is

B．what the matter was

C．what’s the matter

D．what was the matter

15. John asked me _______ to visit his uncle’s farm with him.

A．how would I like

B．if or not would I like

C．whether I would like

D．which I would like

參考答案：

1. D。間接引語（賓語從句）要用陳述句語序，而且用疑問詞引導(dǎo)，所以選D。

2. D。賓語從句要用陳述句語序，排除A、C；表示外面與某事有關(guān)系的，不知男女的人一般用it，所以選D。

3. C。賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述語序，排除A；well作形容詞時表示“身體好的”，“他的英語口語好”應(yīng)該用good，排除B；修飾動詞speak，要用副詞well，排除D，所以選C。

4. B。間接引語表示“一段時間之前”用before，而不用ago，所以選B。選項A是錯誤表達(dá)；last week 意思是“上周”，在間接引語中用the week before，意思為“前一周”。

5. A。what he said是主語從句，是was true的主語，而that引出陳述句變成的間接引語。所以選A。

6. B。根據(jù)句意，賓語從句是特殊疑問句變來的，應(yīng)該用where引導(dǎo)；賓語從句用陳述語序，而表示某人來自于某處這種經(jīng)常性的狀態(tài)，多用一般現(xiàn)在時，所以選B。

7. A。從ask可知賓語從句時一般疑問句變來的，用if引導(dǎo)；whether or not中的whether不能用if替換；排除B；賓語從句用陳述句語序，排除D。

8. B。主句謂語是said，用相應(yīng)的過去時，要把直接引語中的一般現(xiàn)在時改為一般過去時。

9. D。從上下文可以推測答語是省略了She said的間接引語，從句意可知，缺少引導(dǎo)詞how。因為是問句，不用that（引導(dǎo)直接引語是陳述句變來的間接引語）。

10. C。say，explain和speak接“某人”時，一般要加to，所以選told，因為told可以接雙賓語，即tell sb. to do sth.

11. C。注意say，tell和speak的區(qū)別：say是及物動詞，但只能用說出的話作其賓語，即say to sb.sth.；speak是不及物動詞，即speak to sb. about sth.；tell是及物動詞，可接雙賓語，即tell sb.sth.。另外，還要注意時態(tài)對應(yīng)。

12. B。反意疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要變成whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。

13. C。此句所問的話應(yīng)該是選擇疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要變成whether... or not。另外，還要注意時態(tài)對應(yīng)和陳述句語序。

14. D。注意該題時態(tài)的一致。what’s the matter/wrong with句型中，what作主語，the matter/wrong作表語，因此作為賓語從句時還是這樣的順序，而非選項B。

15. C。賓語從句用陳述句語序，排除A；whether or not中的whether不能用if替換；排除B；which引導(dǎo)賓語從句意為“哪一個”，不符合題意。