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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的不定代詞包括 something 和 someone，anything 和 anyone，everythy 和 everyone，以及 nothing 和 nobody 等。我們使用不定代詞來(lái)概括地談?wù)撃呈拢皇翘峒疤囟ǖ娜?、地點(diǎn)或事情。 一、Something 和anything, someone 和somebody，anyone 和 anybody Something 和 anything 都用來(lái)指代未指明的事物。類似地，someone 和 anyone（somebody 和 anybody）指的是一個(gè)未知或未指明的人。以 any 開(kāi)頭的不定代詞帶有“不管是哪一個(gè)”的附加含義，例如： - Isn’t someone supposed to call us?
- Someone has stolen my bag!
- There isn’t anything to worry about.
- Call me if anything else goes wrong.
- 如果有其他問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)給我打電話。
- If someone calls, tell them I’m busy.
注意：someone 和 somebody，或 anyone 和 anybody 在意義上沒(méi)有區(qū)別。Somebody 和 anybody 在非正式用法中更常見(jiàn)。以 some 和 any 開(kāi)頭的不定代詞含義重疊，但在疑問(wèn)句、陳述句和條件句中表達(dá)不同的觀點(diǎn)。1、在疑問(wèn)句中，something 和 someone，或 somebody 表示期望達(dá)成一致，而 anything 和 anyone，或 anybody 都更加中立，傳達(dá)出既不同意也不反對(duì)的期望，例如：- Would you like something to eat?
- Would you like anything to drink while you wait?
- 更中性，這個(gè)人可能想要飲料，也可能不想要，說(shuō)話者不知道。
- 說(shuō)話者者認(rèn)為對(duì)方在找人。
- Is there anyone here who can help me?
- 不確認(rèn)有沒(méi)有人會(huì)幫忙。
2、在否定疑問(wèn)句中，使用 something 和 someone 來(lái)表示帶著積極的期望來(lái)確認(rèn)和澄清。相反，anything 和 anyone 都會(huì)傳達(dá)出負(fù)面的期望。因此，否定句中的 some 和 any 的意義有明顯的差異，例如：- Didn’t you say you saw something in the sky?
- 說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為此人確實(shí)看到了一些東西，正在尋求證實(shí)和澄清。
- Isn’t there anything you can do to help me?
- 說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為你什么都做不了，正在確認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。
- Didn’t someone order pizza?
- 說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為有人點(diǎn)了披薩，并正在澄清是誰(shuí)點(diǎn)的。
- 說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為沒(méi)有人在乎。
Anything，anyone 和 anybody 通常不用于肯定句，取而代之的是使用 something，someone 和 somebody，例如：- There’s something/anything wrong with my phone.
- I have something/anythingto show you.
- Something/Anything always goes wrong at the last minute.
- Someone/Anyone keeps calling me at midnight.
- There’s someone/anyone at the door.
- You should call someone/anyone to fix this leak.
- 你應(yīng)該找個(gè)人來(lái)修理這個(gè)漏洞。
- Neither of them is someone/anyone I can trust.
但請(qǐng)注意，anything 和 anyone 都有可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)在肯定句中，此時(shí)它們被用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)“無(wú)論怎樣”或“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”的概念，而 something 和 someone 并不具有這種含義，例如：- We were ready for anything.
- Together we can face anything life throws at us.
- 我們可以一起面對(duì)生活拋給我們的任何事情。
- The evacuation was worse than anything we had imagined.
- Anybody can teach; only some can inspire.
在沒(méi)有使用 if 或 unless 等之類從句連詞的肯定句中，anything 和 anyone 或 anybody 用來(lái)傳達(dá)條件意義，其中 anything 強(qiáng)調(diào) everything，anyone 和 anybody 強(qiáng)調(diào) everyone 和 everybody，例如：- Anything you say or do may be used against you in a court of law.
- 你的任何言行都可能在法庭上被用來(lái)對(duì)付你。
- Anyone you meet could be a zombie.
- Anybody who teaches is a teacher.
在否定句中，anything 和 anyone 或 anybody 分別用來(lái)指不確定的事物和人，而 something 和 someone 或 somebody 通常不用于否定句中，例如：- There isn’t something/anything in the bag.
- I never understand something/anything she says.
- Farley can’t see something/anything without his glasses.
- I don’t want something/anything from you.
- There isn’t something/anything you can do.
- I don’t think someone/anyone works here anymore.
- I haven’t told someone/anyone about this.
- Maya doesn’t know somebody/anybody in Fiji.
- 瑪雅在斐濟(jì)不認(rèn)識(shí)任何人。
- I didn’t think someone/anyone cared.
在沒(méi)有 not anything，或 not anyone 或 anybody 結(jié)構(gòu)的情況下，要表達(dá)否定的意思，可以使用 nothing，no one 或 nobody 來(lái)表示，例如：- I have nothing to say to you.
- 我沒(méi)有什么要對(duì)你說(shuō)的。
- I have no one to call my own.
以 some 和 any 開(kāi)頭的不定代詞還可以在條件句中使用，其中以 some 開(kāi)頭的不定代詞表達(dá)了更大的確定性，以 any 開(kāi)頭表達(dá)的更加中性或沒(méi)有預(yù)設(shè)期望的，例如：- Call me if you need something.
- Call me if you need anything.
由于 anything 和 anyone 或 anybody 沒(méi)有預(yù)設(shè)目標(biāo)的，它們?cè)跅l件句中更常見(jiàn)，例如：- Please call me as soon as you hear anything.
- If anyone can help you, it’s Anita.
- If anybody still has questions, they can send me an email.
- 如果有人還有問(wèn)題，他們可以給我發(fā)電子郵件。
Something，someone 或 somebody 也用于條件句；在條件句中，它們比 anything，anyone 或 anybody 都更能表達(dá)確定性，例如：- If you see something, say something.
- 如果你看到什么，就說(shuō)點(diǎn)什么。
- If something changes, I’ll let you know.
- If someone could call me back by tomorrow, that would be great.
- If somebody knows what happened, they should speak now.
- 如果有人知道發(fā)生了什么，他們現(xiàn)在就應(yīng)該發(fā)言。
Somewhere 和 anywhere 的用法與 something 和 anything 的一樣。例如，somewhere 用于肯定疑問(wèn)句，期望得到肯定的回答，而 anywhere 沒(méi)有預(yù)設(shè)期望，例如：- Is there somewhere you and I can talk in private?
- Is there anywhere I can hide?
- 說(shuō)話者不知道有沒(méi)有藏身之處。
在否定疑問(wèn)句中，somewhere 傳達(dá)了積極的期望，用于確認(rèn)和澄清。相反，anywhere 意味著負(fù)面的期望，例如：- Isn’t there somewhere private we can talk?
- 說(shuō)話者相信存在這樣一個(gè)地方，并正在澄清它在哪里。
- Isn’t there anywhere private in this house?
- 說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為沒(méi)有這樣的地方。
Anywhere 通常不用于肯定句中，取而代之的是使用 somewhere，例如：- We need somewhere/anywhere to live.
- This is somewhere/anywherethat people can relax.
- We want to go somewhere/anywhere no one can find us.
- 我們想去一個(gè)沒(méi)人能找到我們的地方。
Somewhere 和 anywhere 都可用在條件句中，其中 somewhere 傳遞著更大的確定性，例如：- If there’s somewhere we can dance, let’s go there.
- Let me know if there’s anywhere we can stay for a few days that isn’t too expensive.
- 如果有什么地方我們可以住幾天，而且不太貴，請(qǐng)告訴我。
a. Would you like something to drink?b. Would you like anything to drink?2、如果你期望得到否定的回答，你會(huì)用哪一個(gè)？a. Isn’t there someone we can call?b. Isn’t there anyone we can call?a. She saw something streak across the sky.b. She saw anything streak across the sky.a. Someone can learn to swim.b. Anyone can learn to swim.a. Let me know if someone orders the pasta.b. Let me know if anyone orders the pasta.
 關(guān)注外語(yǔ)行天下，解鎖英語(yǔ)更多的秘密為了防止迷路，請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)置為”星標(biāo)“，我們將一如既往地輸出更多優(yōu)質(zhì)的此類文章。
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